Cervical cancer

Waggoner, Steven

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13778-6

Cited by 853 publications

(607 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…While there are multiple treatment options for invasive cervical cancer (surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation, etc.) [35], we have limited treatment information for these cases which would help exclude potential misclassifications. Therefore, we were unable to exclude based on the available information subsequent cervical cancer diagnoses among women whose index cancer diagnosis was also cervical cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer survivors at increased risk of subsequent tobacco-related malignancies, United States 1992–2008

Underwood

Rim

Fairley

et al. 2012

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose-Persistent smoking among cancer survivors may increase their risk of subsequent malignancies, including tobacco-related malignancies. Despite these risks, nearly 40 % of women diagnosed with cervical cancer continue to smoke after diagnosis. This study describes the relative risk of developing any subsequent and tobacco-related malignancy among cervical cancer survivors.Methods-We examined data from the year 1992 to 2008 in 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries. We calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95 % confidence limits (CLs) for all subsequent and tobacco-related malignancies among cervical cancer survivors. Tobacco-related malignancies were defined according to the 2004 Surgeon General's Report on the Health Consequences of Smoking. For comparison with cervical cancer survivors, SIRs for subsequent malignancies were also calculated for female survivors of breast or colorectal cancers.Results-The SIR of developing a subsequent tobacco-related malignancy was higher among cervical cancer survivors (SIR = 2.2, 95 % CL = 2.0-2.4). Female breast (SIR = 1.1, 95 % CL = 1.0-1.1) and colorectal cancer survivors (1.1, 1.1-1.2) also had an elevated risk. The increased risk of a subsequent tobacco-related malignancy among cervical cancer survivors was greatest in the first 5 years after the initial diagnosis and decreased as time since diagnosis elapsed.Conclusion-Women with cervical cancer have a two-fold increased risk of subsequent tobacco-related malignancies, compared with breast and colorectal cancer survivors. In an effort to decrease their risk of subsequent tobacco-related malignancies, cancer survivors should be targeted for tobacco prevention and cessation services. Special attention should be given to cervical cancer survivors whose risk is almost twice that of breast or colorectal cancer survivors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer survivors at increased risk of subsequent tobacco-related malignancies, United States 1992–2008

Underwood

Rim

Fairley

et al. 2012

Cancer Causes Control

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“…[6][7][8][9] While some patients with disease found to be limited to the cervix and upper vagina by physical examination are candidates for radical surgical resection of the main tumor mass, other patients undergoing biopsy for confirmation of diagnosis have clearly unresectable disease. These patients are treated primarily by radiation and chemotherapy, and do not undergo surgical removal of the main tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage and tumor volume, lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis have been found to be predictors of shorter disease-free and overall survival in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. [6][7][8][9] Despite its major role in tumor dissemination, little is known about the role of tumor lymphangiogenesis in metastasis and whether lymphatic spread occurs via pre-existing lymphatic vessels or lymphatic vessels newly formed by lymphangiogenesis. 10,11 Much of the difficulty in analyzing lymphatics was due to the lack of lymphatic-specific markers suitable for immunohistochemistry on formalinfixed paraffin-embedded material that could be used to discriminate between lymphatics and blood vessels.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low D2-40 immunoreactivity correlates with lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Dumoff

Chu

et al. 2005

Modern Pathology

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Lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis are predictors of shorter disease-free and overall survival in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The monoclonal antibody D2-40, which reacts with the oncofetal membrane antigen M2A, is a new selective marker for lymphatic endothelium, and has been shown to be useful in identifying the presence of lymphatic invasion in various malignant neoplasms, including cervical carcinoma. However, the reactivity of the tumor cells with D2-40 has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we examined the pattern of D2-40 immunoreactivity in a series of 138 invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix. We correlated the presence and extent of D2-40 immunoreactivity in the tumor cells with various clinicopathologic features, the presence of lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis and outcome. Diffuse or focal D2-40 immunoreactivity was present in 17 (12%) and 81 (59%) tumors, respectively, while 40 (29%) tumors showed no immunoreactivity. Lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis were present in 56 and 29% of tumors, respectively. Tumor emboli within lymphatic spaces and metastatic tumor foci in lymph nodes showed no immunoreactivity in 86 and 80% of the cases, respectively. Lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis were significantly more common in tumors showing low D2-40 immunoreactivity (Po0.0001 and 0.022, respectively). D2-40 immunoreactivity showed no correlation with any other clinicopathologic features examined, including tumor size, grade and FIGO stage. In univariate analysis low D2-40 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free, but not with overall survival. Our studies suggest that D2-40 immunostaining may serve as a marker for increased risk of lymphatic invasion and tumor recurrence in cervical biopsy material. Further study of the biological function of the M2A antigen may shed some light on the interaction of tumor cells with lymphatics.

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“…6 This common neoplasm may occur at any stage of life; however, it is most commonly diagnosed in the fifth decade, with nearly half of the cases being diagnosed before the age of 35. 7 The decreasing age of occurrence is attributed to the accepted social norms of earlier onset of sexual activity and complemented with earlier detection by active screening programs. In North America, as a result of the implementation of active screening programs, approximately 60% of cases are identified at stage I, with 25%, 10% and 5% detected in stages II, III and IV respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinomas from the Endocervix to the Stomach without Local Recurrence

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2013

Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res

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Extra-pelvic spread of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix to the stomach is extremely rare. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with dysphagia two years after diagnosis of SCC of the cervix. At esophagogastroduodenoscopy, there was a 1.5×1.2 cm sized ulcero-fungating mass at the cardia portion just beneath the esophagogastric junction which was biopsied for a suspected neoplastic lesion. Histologic and immunohistochemical examinations showed a SCC with characteristics identical to her original tumor from the cervix confirming gastric metastasis. Therefore, we report a case of endocervical SCC with metastatic lesions in the stomach 2 years after the initial diagnosis. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2013;13:55-59)

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Cervical cancer

Cited by 853 publications

References 80 publications

Cervical cancer survivors at increased risk of subsequent tobacco-related malignancies, United States 1992–2008

Cervical cancer survivors at increased risk of subsequent tobacco-related malignancies, United States 1992–2008

Low D2-40 immunoreactivity correlates with lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

A Case of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinomas from the Endocervix to the Stomach without Local Recurrence

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