Certifying the interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the WHO African region on the turbulent journey to a polio-free world

Leke, Rose G. F.; King, Arlene; Pallansch, Mark A.; Tangermann, Rudolf H.; Mkanda, Pascal; Chunsuttiwat, Supamit; Jack, A; Kabore, Berenger; Kane, Ibrahima; Khomo, Ngokoana Esther; Lopes-Feio, Raul Jorge; Maiga, Zakaria Mahamadine; Matuja, William; Kironde, Naddumba Edward; Kouassi, B.; Sadrizadeh, Bijan; Tomori, Oyewale

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30382-x

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although the incidence of polio globally has decreased and wild poliovirus transmission has been interrupted in many countries, polio epidemics have been and are still being reported in Pakistan and Afghanistan [ 2 ]. In 2019, polio re-emerged after almost 20 years in the Philippines and Malaysia after both countries were declared polio-free in 2000 [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the polio vaccine was developed in the 1950s, global polio eradication activities such as the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), including immunization programs for polio, have reduced the global incidence by over 99% since 1988 from an estimated 350,000 cases to 33 cases in 2018 [ 1 ]. Two out of three wild poliovirus strains have been eradicated worldwide; eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 and type 3 was declared in 2015 and 2019, respectively [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Polio Enteroviruses from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Korea, 2012–2019

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The risk of polio importation and re-emergence persists since epidemic polio still occurs in some countries, and the resurgence of polio occurring almost 20 years after polio eradication was declared in Asia has been reported. We analyzed the results of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Korea to assess the quality of AFP surveillance and understand the etiology of non-polio enterovirus (NPEV)-associated central nervous system diseases in a polio-free area. We investigated 637 AFP patients under 15 years of age whose cases were confirmed during 2012–2019 by virus isolation, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and VP1 gene sequencing. Among the 637 AFP cases, NPEV was detected in 213 (33.4%) patients, with the majority observed in EV-A71, with 54.9% of NPEV positives. EV-A71 has been shown to play a role as a major causative agent in most neurological diseases except for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and meningitis. This study provides information on the AFP surveillance situation in Korea and highlights the polio eradication stage in the monitoring and characterization of NPEV against the outbreak of neurological infectious diseases such as polio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Polio Enteroviruses from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Korea, 2012–2019

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Together with the partners within the network of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)-UNICEF, Rotary International and the US CDCs-WHO has succeeded in pushing back poliomyelitis to a large extent. Wild poliovirus (WPV) types 2 and 3 are eradicated, and only WPV 1 is still endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan [1,2]. However, until the final steps of eradication are not achieved, polioviruses can be reimported into polio-free areas (e.g., Tajikistan [3], Republic of Congo [4], Syria [5], Iraq [6], Israel [7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus Surveillance (EVSurv) in Germany

Keeren

Böttcher²,

Diedrich

2021

Microorganisms

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The major aim of the enterovirus surveillance (EVSurv) in Germany is to prove the absence of poliovirus circulation in the framework of the Global Polio Eradication Program (GPEI). Therefore, a free-of-charge enterovirus diagnostic is offered to all hospitals for patients with symptoms compatible with a polio infection. Within the quality proven laboratory network for enterovirus diagnostic (LaNED), stool and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspected aseptic meningitis/encephalitis or acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) are screened for enterovirus (EV), typing is performed in all EV positive sample to exclude poliovirus infections. Since 2006, ≈200 hospitals from all 16 German federal states have participated annually. On average, 2500 samples (70% stool, 28% CSF) were tested every year. Overall, the majority of the patients studied are children <15 years. During the 15-year period, 53 different EV serotypes were detected. While EV-A71 was most frequently detected in infants, E30 dominated in older children and adults. Polioviruses were not detected. The German enterovirus surveillance allows monitoring of the circulation of clinically relevant serotypes resulting in continuous data about non-polio enterovirus epidemiology.

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“…The incidence of polio has decreased by over 99.9% from 1988 to 2020. However, progress could be lost if this momentum is not maintained ( 102 ).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Microneedle-based Vaccines In Preclinical and Cl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microneedle-Based Vaccine Delivery: Review of an Emerging Technology

et al. 2022

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Vaccination has produced a great improvement to the global health by decreasing/eradicating many infectious diseases responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Thanks to vaccines, many infections affecting childhood have been greatly decreased or even eradicated (smallpox, measles, and polio). That is why great efforts are made to achieve mass vaccination against COVID-19. However, developed vaccines face many challenges with regard to their safety and stability. Moreover, needle phobia could prevent a significant proportion of the population from receiving vaccines. In this context, microneedles (MNs) could potentially present a solution to address these challenges. MNs represent single dose administration systems that do not need reconstitution or cold-chain storage. Being self-administered, pain-free, and capable of producing superior immunogenicity makes them a more attractive alternative. This review explores microneedles’ types, safety, and efficacy in vaccine delivery. Preclinical and clinical studies for microneedle-based vaccines are discussed and patent examples are included. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1208/s12249-022-02250-8.

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Certifying the interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the WHO African region on the turbulent journey to a polio-free world

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Non-Polio Enteroviruses from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Korea, 2012–2019

Non-Polio Enteroviruses from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Korea, 2012–2019

Enterovirus Surveillance (EVSurv) in Germany

Microneedle-Based Vaccine Delivery: Review of an Emerging Technology

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