Certification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Marine Sediment Standard Reference Material

Wise, Stephen A.; Schantz, Michele M.; Benner, Bruce A.; Hays, Melinda J.; Schiller, Susannah B.

doi:10.1021/ac00103a006

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…A utilização primária desse indicador fundamenta-se no fato de que a contaminação petrogênica é caracterizada pela predominância de HPAs de baixa massa molecular (2-3 anéis) (NEFF, 1979;WISE et al, 1995BERNER et al, 1990SOCLO et al, 2000), enquanto os HPAs de massa molecular mais altas (4-6 anéis) predominam na contaminação pirolítica (MUEL; SAGUEM, 1985 apud SOCLO et al, 2000).…”

Section: Indicadores De Origemunclassified

Diagnóstico da contaminação por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos nos sedimentos de mesolitoral da Baía de Todos os Santos, Brasil

2015

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ResumoEste trabalho avaliou as concentrações de Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPAs) em sedimentos de mesolitoral, de 23 estações no entorno da Baía de Todos os Santos, no Estado da Bahia, as suas prováveis fontes e o risco ambiental desses compostos na região. A concentração total nos sedimentos variou de 1,3 a 4021 ng g -1 (peso seco AbstractThis study evaluated the levels of 16 PAHs of intertidal sediments from 23 sampling stations surrounding the Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil. The possible sources were identified and the temporal distributions of these compounds in this area were determined. The total PAH concentration ranged from 1.3 to 4021 ng.g-1 (dry weight). Naphthalene and pyrene were the most frequently detected, while the least frequently detected was acenaphtene. A predominance of molecular markers of pyrolytic sources combined with the presence of crude petroleum markers, without a well-defined geographical distribution of their concentration ratio, indicate multiple types of PAH sources. Levels of individual PAHs do not pose a risk of adverse effects on aquatic organisms in 43% of the stations studied, but are indicative of occasional adverse effects on 56% of stations located mainly in the north of the bay. Five of the encounted PAHs are possible or proved carcinogenic to humans and their translocation to edible fauna represents the greatest risk of their presence in the intertidal sediments of this bay.

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Section: Indicadores De Origemunclassified

Diagnóstico da contaminação por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos nos sedimentos de mesolitoral da Baía de Todos os Santos, Brasil

2015

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“…Confirmation on a second column or by gas chromatography is therefore necessary. The atmospheric interfaces equipped with APCI (Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization) or ESI (Electrospray Ionization) ion sources help to broaden the field of application of the couplings of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, and have seen substantial developments in recent years [2][3][4]. They offer performance in agreement with environmental requirements in terms of quantification limits, sensitivity, simplicity of use and reliability [5].…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is one of the most used technique for extraction of organic contaminants. It is used for the certification of matrices by organisms such as NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) [2,3] or BCR (Community Bureau of Reference of European Commission, Brussels, Belgium) and is recommended in the methods of the US Environment Protection Agency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

1999

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Abstract. Microwave energy has been developed recently for the extraction of organic compounds from environmental matrices after its use in inorganic chemistry for trace metal analysis. The development in microwave techniques has occurred because of a need for a rapid, safe and cheap method. Conventional techniques for the extraction of solid matrices (such as Soxhlet) are time and solvent consuming and the analysis of numerous samples in environmental studies is limited by the extraction step. This review recalls the importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedure for the analysis of organic contaminants and the principles of extraction of solid matrices (sediment, soil, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction for organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave ovens in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of methods compared to conventional extraction are discussed.Key words. Microwave -extraction -organic contaminants. Analusis, 1999, 27, 259-271 © EDP Sciences, Wiley-VCH 1999 * Correspondence and reprints. Received October 20, 1998 revised December 09, 1999; accepted January 19, 1999. Article available at http://analusis.edpsciences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:1999116 soils, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction of non and semi-volatile organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave oven in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The influence of parameters such as time, temperature, power, nature of solvent, nature of matrix, moisture content and the stability of compounds are discussed. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of these methods compared to conventional extraction are reviewed. Importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedureNatural samples can rarely be used in their raw state. Their nature must be compatible with the detection method. The analysis of organic contaminants requires pre-treatment of the sample. Different steps of sampling, extraction and purification are necessary before the determination and the quantification of individual compounds.The principal step of the sample treatment is the extraction of analytes from matrix, which consists of transfer of the compounds into a solvent. Extraction is rarely selective. The raw extract is then constituted of studied compounds at trace level but also of co-extracted compounds (endogenous compounds, macromolecules, other contaminants...)...

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“…The three new mussel tissue SRMs, SRMs 1974b, 2977, and 2978, were characterized for organic contaminants using an approach similar to those set forth for the value assignment of organic contaminants in the most recently developed frozen natural-matrix tissue SRMs: SRM 1945, Organics in Whale Blubber [5], SRM 1974a, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis) [8], and SRMs 1946 and 1947, Lake Superior and Lake Michigan Fish Tissue, respectively [6], and several marine sediment [16,17,18] and particulate-related materials [19,20,21]. This approach, generally termed the "two-independent-techniques approach", consists of combining results from analyses using various combinations of different extraction techniques and solvents, cleanup/isolation procedures, and chromatographic separation and detection techniques [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three new mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRMs) for the determination of organic contaminants

Poster

Schantz

Kucklick

et al. 2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Three new mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRMs) have been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the determination of the concentrations of organic contaminants. The most recently prepared material, SRM 1974b, is a fresh frozen tissue homogenate prepared from mussels ( Mytilus edulis) collected in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. The other two materials, SRMs 2977 and 2978, are freeze-dried tissue homogenates prepared from mussels collected in Guanabara Bay, Brazil and Raritan Bay, New Jersey, respectively. All three new mussel tissue SRMs complement the current suite of marine natural-matrix SRMs available from NIST that are characterized for a wide range of contaminants (organic and inorganic). SRM 1974b has been developed to replace its predecessor SRM 1974a, Organics in Mussel Tissue, for which the supply is depleted. Similarly, SRMs 2977 and 2978 were developed to replace a previously available (supply depleted) freeze-dried version of SRM 1974a, SRM 2974, Organics in Freeze-Dried Mussel Tissue. SRM 1974b is the third in a series of fresh frozen mussel tissue homogenate SRMs prepared from mussels collected in Boston Harbor starting in 1988. SRM 1974b has certified concentration values for 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 31 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), and 7 chlorinated pesticides. Reference values are provided for additional constituents: 16 PAHs, 8 PCBs plus total PCBs, 6 pesticides, total extractable organics, methylmercury, and 11 trace elements. PAH concentrations range from about 2 ng g(-1 )dry mass (cyclopenta[ cd]pyrene) to 180 ng g(-1 )dry mass (pyrene). PCB concentrations range from about 2 ng g(-1 )dry mass (PCB 157) to 120 ng g(-1 )dry mass (PCB 153). The reference value for total PCBs in SRM 1974b is (2020 +/- 420) ng g(-1 )dry mass. Pesticide concentrations range from about 4 ng g(-1 )dry mass (4,4'-DDT) to 40 ng g(-1 )dry mass (4,4'-DDE). SRM 2977 has certified values for 14 PAHs, 25 PCB congeners, 7 pesticides, 6 trace elements, and methylmercury. Reference values for 16 additional PAHs and 9 inorganic constituents are provided, and information values are given for 23 additional trace elements. SRM 2978 has certified and reference concentrations for 41 and 22 organic compounds, respectively, and contains contaminant levels similar to those of SRM 1974b. Organic contaminant levels in SRM 2977 (mussels from Guanabara Bay, Brazil) are typically a factor of 2 to 4 lower than those in SRM 1974b and SRM 2978. The organic contaminant concentrations in each new mussel tissue SRM are presented and compared in this paper. In addition, a chronological review of contaminant concentrations associated with mussels collected in Boston Harbor is discussed as well as a stability assessment of SRM 1974a.

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Certification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Marine Sediment Standard Reference Material

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Diagnóstico da contaminação por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos nos sedimentos de mesolitoral da Baía de Todos os Santos, Brasil

Diagnóstico da contaminação por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos nos sedimentos de mesolitoral da Baía de Todos os Santos, Brasil

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

Three new mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRMs) for the determination of organic contaminants

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