Certificate Based Authentication Mechanism for PMU Communication Networks Based on IEC 61850-90-5

Farooq, Shaik Mullapathi; Hussain, S. M. Suhail; Kiran, S.; Ustun, Taha Selim

doi:10.3390/electronics7120370

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Equation (27) represents the observability of the power system that is described in Section 3.1. The effect of zero-injection buses is considered as a constraint in Equation (28) that is defined in Section 3.2.…”

Section: Proposed Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, optimal PMU-communication link placement is done in the work of [26], considering the bandwidth cost of the communication system. Data security in PMU communication system is considered in the work of [27]. A microwave communication technology instead of the conventional fiber-based links is proposed in the work of [28], where the objective is to minimize the propagation delay in the optimal placement of PMUs, PDC, and communication links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Design of a Wide Area Measurement System Using Hybrid Wireless Sensors and Phasor Measurement Units

et al. 2019

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Real-time monitoring of the power system by phasor measurement units (PMUs) leads to the development of such devices in a wide area measurement system (WAMS). However, the power system observability cannot be obtained by employing only PMUs. The communication infrastructure (CI) is a significant part of the WAMS that has to be optimally designed and implemented to collect data from PMUs and deliver them to control centers. In this paper, a novel hybrid wireless sensor network is proposed for the connection of PMUs throughout the system to enable convenient and low-cost communication media. The problem of observability in the communication system is checked along with the optimal placement of PMUs in the power system to reach full observability. A hybrid wireless sensor network including plug-in powered sensor nodes (PPSNs) and energy harvesting sensor nodes (EHSNs) is utilized for increasing the reliability of the communication system. In the proposed co-optimal PMU-sensor placement problem, the main objective is to minimize the total cost of PMU placement and the related communication system, considering full observability of the power system and CI. To achieve better results, the zero-injection bus (ZIB) effect and system observability redundancy index (SORI) are considered as a constraint in the objective function. A binary-coded genetic algorithm is used for solving the proposed mixed-objective optimization problem subject to different technical operating constraints. The proposed method is examined on IEEE 13-bus and IEEE 37-bus test feeder systems. The results show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the conventional methods in this subject area.

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Section: Proposed Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of a Wide Area Measurement System Using Hybrid Wireless Sensors and Phasor Measurement Units

et al. 2019

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“…Cyber security is a rising concern for substation communication networks [12][13][14] and phasor measurement units [15] as reported in the literature recently. Authors in [12], proposed Anomaly Detection System (ADS) for the substations to protect simultaneous intrusions into multiple substations which may cause severe cascading events that have catastrophic consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-GoSV: Framework for Generating Secure IEC 61850 GOOSE and Sample Value Messages

Farooq

Hussain²,

Ustun³

2019

Energies

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Standardized communication plays an important role in substation automation system (SAS). IEC 61850 is a de-facto standard in SAS. It facilitates smooth communication between different devices located in the substation by achieving interoperability. Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sample Value (SV) messages developed according to IEC 61850 enable efficient monitoring and operation control of SAS. IEC 61850 is very popular due to its flexible and robust modeling. As the number of critical infrastructures that employed IEC 61850 increases, it is important to study cybersecurity aspects as well. To this end, this paper develops a software framework, S-GoSV (Secure GOOSE and SV), that generates custom GOOSE and Sample Value messages. Furthermore, security features are added to protect them from different security attacks within a substation. IEC 62351-6 specifies digital signatures to achieve node authentication and messages integrity. Therefore, S-GoSV implements RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 digital signature algorithm based on RFC 2313. Performance studies show that digital signature algorithms based on RSA signing and verification take long times and do not conform to timing requirements stipulated by IEC 61850 for power system communication. To address this, Message Authentication Code (MAC) based digital signature algorithm, Keyed Hash-Message Authentication Code- Secure Hash Algorithm (HMAC-SHA256), is additionally implemented in S-GoSV framework for securing GOOSE messages.

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“…Different security vulnerabilities of IEEE C37.118.2 compliant PMU communication is documented in [7]. Node authentication vulnerabilities have been documented and a certificate-based solution is developed in [8]. The impact of data integrity attacks on the system and how wrong decisions such as triggering protection elements based on falsified data causes a major loss have been documented in [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Secure Routable GOOSE and SV Messages Based on IEC 61850-90-5

Ustun¹,

Farooq

Hussain³

2020

IEEE Access

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Next generation power systems are active networks that handle two-way power flow. They are equipped with extensive communication capabilities to perform dynamic monitoring, protection and control operations. Synchrophasors provide a pseudo real-time representation of grid's current state. Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) placed in different parts of the grid periodically collect synchrophasor data. Then, they send it to a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDCs) through Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS). The entire system formed as PMU Communication Network (PMU-CN) is based on two available frameworks: IEEE C37.118.2 and IEC 61850-90-5. As New York Blackout of 2003 showed that accurate and timely delivery of phasor measurements is vital for secure grid operation. Attacks on PMU-CN may lead to several consequences in the grid and cause physical damage. IEEE C37.118.2 does not specify any security mechanism to mitigate security attacks. To address this gap, security mechanism specified in IEC 61850-90-5 have been implemented using OpenSSL library. A novel toolbox called R-GoSV has been developed to construct PMU messages with cybersecurity mechanisms. Thanks to this tool, custom messages have been transmitted in the network to investigate their effectiveness. Finally, the performance evaluation of the specified security algorithms in terms of computational time sis carried out.

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Certificate Based Authentication Mechanism for PMU Communication Networks Based on IEC 61850-90-5

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Optimal Design of a Wide Area Measurement System Using Hybrid Wireless Sensors and Phasor Measurement Units

Optimal Design of a Wide Area Measurement System Using Hybrid Wireless Sensors and Phasor Measurement Units

S-GoSV: Framework for Generating Secure IEC 61850 GOOSE and Sample Value Messages

Implementing Secure Routable GOOSE and SV Messages Based on IEC 61850-90-5

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