Certain antioxidant enzymes of Allium cepa as biomarkers for the detection of toxic heavy metals in wastewater

Fatima, Riffat A.; Ahmad, Masood

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.004

Cited by 192 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The results suggest induction of oxidative stress after exposure to leachate but also demonstrate duckweed's capacity to upregulate its antioxidative defence. In several studies, heavy metals have been found to be potent inducers of catalase and peroxidase (27,29,31). Regarding the effects of the treated leachate, significant changes in MDA and activities of GPX and catalase were once again detected only following duckweed exposure to the chemically treated leachate (Figure 2e, g, h).…”

Section: Al Removal Of Landfill Leachate Toxicity and Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Zhu et al (30) observed enhanced ROS generation via Mehler reaction and consequent increased lipid peroxidation as a result of ammonia. Antioxidative enzymes, such as peroxidase and catalase, can serve as important markers of stress caused by environmental pollution (31). The activity of peroxidases and catalase showed a significant increase in response to L 25 % (Figure 2g, h).…”

Section: Al Removal Of Landfill Leachate Toxicity and Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods

Brkanac

Vujčić

Cvjetko

et al. 2014

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Leachates from active and closed municipal solid waste landfills can be a major source of contamination to groundwater and surface waters. In the present study the toxic and genotoxic potential of leachate from an old sanitary landfill prior to and following chemical and electrochemical treatments were assessed using Lemna, Allium, and comet tests. Photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (indicator of lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated as additional indicators of toxicity in duckweed. Following duckweed exposure to 25 % dilution of landfill leachate, growth rate and photosynthetic pigments content significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation increased despite stimulation of antioxidative defence mechanisms. Diluted leachate induced DNA strand breaks in duckweed cells as evidenced by the comet assay. Regarding the Allium test, untreated leachate caused inhibition of Allium cepa cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations. Although both water treatments completely reduced genotoxicity of leachate, the electrochemical method was found to be more efficient in removing toxic substances present in landfill leachate and thus more suitable for treating such leachates prior to their discharge into the environment. As landfill leachates pose a risk to human health and environment in general due to their (geno)toxicity, the present study demonstrates that the ecotoxicity/genotoxicity assays should be used in leachate risk assessment together with physicochemical analysis.

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Section: Al Removal Of Landfill Leachate Toxicity and Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Al Removal Of Landfill Leachate Toxicity and Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods

Brkanac

Vujčić

Cvjetko

et al. 2014

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…Increases in levels of all antioxidant enzymes occurred in fenugreek irrigated with wastewater. This is likely due to the pollutants present that can lead to oxidative stress causing biochemical changes (Lee et al 2001, Panda & Upadhyay 2003, Singh et al 2003, Fatima & Ahmad 2005, Baghel 2008, Xu et al 2010, Olorunfemi & Lolodi 2011, Jain & Srivastava 2012, Sangeetha et al 2012. Application of levels of nitrogen increased CAT, POD and SOD activities in fenugreek.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen level affects growth and reactive oxygen scavenging of fenugreek irrigated with wastewater

Kausar¹,

Faizan²,

Haneef³

2017

Trop. Plant Res.

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Today, due to the constraint in availability of the freshwater for irrigation, wastewater is being used for irrigation of agriculture fields. Wastewater contain plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. This research work aimed at evaluating the potential utilization of wastewater as an alternative source of water and nitrogen (N) for fenugreek. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted with wastewater and four doses of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg.ha -1 ) to observe a comparative effect on growth and biochemical characteristics using fenugreek as the test crop.Wastewater and soil used in the experiment were analyzed for their physicochemical properties. Results indicate that wastewater was richer in essential plant nutrients but contained some heavy metals in amounts well below the permissible limits for its use as irrigation water. Use of wastewater with 20 kg.N.ha -1 improved growth, proline and antioxidant enzymes of the plant as compared to application of groundwater with no fertilizer. Lipid peroxidation increased with wastewater but decreased with the increasing nitrogen doses, so the best combination (WW×N 20 ) has negative impact on this parameter. These results concluded that wastewater can efficiently substitute groundwater and also works as a nutrient source whereas application of nitrogen could provide protection against the oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant protective system.

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“…However, this activity was reduced at higher Ni 2+ concentrations. The increase in the activity of GR upon heavy metal treatment may result from the fact that the glutathione/ascorbate cycle is operating at a high rate in order to detoxify the ROS formed as a result of heavy metal treatment or that glutathione has to be recycled back into the reduced form before its incorporation into phytochelatins (metallothionein-like proteins) (Fatima and Ahmad, 2004). The decrease in GR activity at high concentrations may also be the result of the metal's direct reaction with sulfhydryl groups interfering with the glutathione cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and distribution of nickel and other elements in in-vitro grown Alyssum corsicum exhibiting morphological changes in trichomes: initial insights into molecular mechanisms of nickel hyperaccumulation

Aydaş¹,

Açık²,

LeDuc³

et al. 2013

Turk J Bot

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IntroductionAlthough heavy metals are toxic at high concentrations because of the damage they cause to plant metabolism, some metal-tolerant plants accumulate heavy metals within their aboveground tissues at high concentrations without any symptoms (Psaras et al., 2000;Pilon-Smits, 2005). Nickel hyperaccumulator plants are the largest group of metal hyperaccumulator plants with over 400 taxa, and the genus Alyssum L. (Brassicaceae) is the representative of this group with more than 50 nickelhyperaccumulating species (Broadhurst et al., 2009). The accumulated Ni concentration reaches nearly 3% of the leaf dry biomass in many Alyssum species (Krämer et al., 1996;Altınözlü et al., 2012).Serpentine soils are rich in heavy metals including nickel, cobalt, and chromium and are low in nutrients because they are derived from ultramafic rocks; therefore, a unique flora spreads out on such soil types (Prasad, 2005).Turkey is one of the major centers of hyperaccumulator plants as over half of the Alyssum species and over half of the hyperaccumulators are found in Turkey (Reeves and Adıgüzel, 2008). Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. and A. corsicum Duby are endemic to serpentine soils throughout Mediterranean Europe and are the species most often subjected to phytoremediation and phytomining studies because of their ability to grow in different types of soils (Brooks et al., 2000;Broadhurst et al., 2004). Plants hyperaccumulating heavy metals draw attention with the complex mechanisms they use to avoid the toxicity of heavy metals and where they accumulate such levels of heavy metals within the plant. Plants have a regulated system that consists of metal transport, chelation, transfer, and sequestration activities, all of which contribute to the uptake, distribution, and detoxification of metal ions (Clemens, 2001).

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Certain antioxidant enzymes of Allium cepa as biomarkers for the detection of toxic heavy metals in wastewater

Cited by 192 publications

References 45 publications

Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods

Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods

Nitrogen level affects growth and reactive oxygen scavenging of fenugreek irrigated with wastewater

Localization and distribution of nickel and other elements in in-vitro grown Alyssum corsicum exhibiting morphological changes in trichomes: initial insights into molecular mechanisms of nickel hyperaccumulation

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