Cerium Oxide/Graphene Oxide Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity in a Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)

Abstract

In the present study, we used a simple ultrasonic approach to develop a Cerium oxide/Graphene oxide hybrid (CeO2/GO hybrid) nanocomposite system. Particle size analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) have been used to analyze the physio-chemical characteristics of the developed nanocomposite. The synthesized hybrid system has also been examined to assess its anticancer capability against MCF-7 cell lines and normal cell lines at different sample concentrations, pH values, and incubation intervals using an antiproliferative assay test. The test results demonstrate that as sample concentration rises, the apoptotic behavior of the CeO2/GO hybrid in the MCF-7 cell line also rises. The IC50 was 62.5 µg/mL after 72 h of incubation. Cytotoxicity of cisplatin bound CeO2/GO hybrid was also tested in MCF-7 cell lines. To identify apoptosis-associated alterations of cell membranes during the process of apoptosis, a dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence staining was carried out at three specified doses (i.e., 1000 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, and 62.5 µg/mL of CeO2/GO hybrid). The color variations from both live (green) and dead (red) cells were examined using fluorescence microscopy under in vitro conditions. The quantitative analysis was performed using flow cytometry to identify the cell cycle at which the maximum number of MCF-7 cells had been destroyed as a result of interaction with the developed CeO2/GO hybrid (FACS study). According to the results of the FACS investigation, the majority of cancer cells were inhibited at the R3 (G2/M) phase. Therefore, the CeO2/GO hybrid has successfully showed enhanced anticancer efficacy against the MCF-7 cell line at the IC50 concentration. According to the current study, the CeO2/GO platform can be used as a therapeutic platform for breast cancer. The synergetic effects of the developed CeO2/GO hybrid with the MCF-7 cell line are presented.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Anticancer Response of In2O3/RGO Nanocomposites Prepared by a Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Process

“…Different studies have examined the anticancer potential of graphene nanocomposites (NCs) based on metal oxides against various types of cancer cells [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of prepared samples at different concentrations against (HC116 and HepG2) as well as in normal PBMCs were illustrated in Figure 11 A–C.…”

Development of Cerium Oxide/Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: An Investigation toward Its Biological Applications under In Vitro Conditions

“…Graphene oxide (GO), an oxygenated derivative of graphene, harbors a large number of oxygen-containing groups on both the surface and edges of GO. These groups not only enhance the solubility and biocompatibility of materials but also collectively enhance the electronic and redox properties of the resulting composite materials [9]. According to Pang et al, the physicochemical characteristics of GO, such as size and length, surface characteristics, and aggregation factors, are primarily responsible for its anti-bacterial activity [10].…”

One-step preparation, characterization, and anticancer potential of ZnFe2O4/RGO nanocomposites

“…Despite progress in cancer treatment, there is an urgent requirement for the creation of new therapeutic approaches that are both efficient and safe ( Shyamala and Gomathi Devi, 2020 , Tabrez et al, 2022a , Zughaibi et al, 2022 ). One promising approach is applied of nanocomposites(NCs) which have shown great potential in enhancing anticancer performance ( Ahamed et al, 2023a , Saranya et al, 2023 ). Nowadays, some challenges of cancer treatment are the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites with optimal physicochemical properties ( Biswal and Yusoff, 2017 )..

Scheme 1 Synthesis protocol of ZnFe 2 O 4 /RGO NCs.

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“…To solve these challenges, previous studies have focused on the synthesis of nanocomposites (NCs) using a variety of methods ( Kokila et al, 2022 , Saranya et al, 2023 , Somwanshi et al, 2020 ). Among the various types of NCs, metal oxide /reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites (NCs) are being applied in potential applications owing to their outstanding properties such as high surface area and good biocompatibility ( Aarti et al, 2022 ).…”