Ceriantharia in Current Systematics: Life Cycles, Morphology and Genetics

DNA Barcoding revealing the occurrence of Isarachnanthus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) in Cape Verde

“…The genera Arachnanthus Carlgren, 1912 andIsarachnanthus Carlgren, 1924 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) correspond to the only ones with described adult forms of the family Arachnactidae (den Hartog, 1977;Stampar et al, 2016). This family is distinguished from the family Cerianthidae (most of the currently valid species; cf.…”

“…This family is distinguished from the family Cerianthidae (most of the currently valid species; cf. Stampar et al, 2016) mostly due to the presence of planktonic larvae with long prevalence in the water column (Stampar et al, 2015). This peculiarity of the life cycle resulted in complex biogeographic patterns, since the dispersion based on this larval type seems to be quite effective (Stampar et al, 2012(Stampar et al, , 2015.…”

A new species of Arachnanthus from the Red Sea (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia)

“…While tube anemones are common objects for underwater photographers and are widely exhibited in aquaria, they remain undersampled in most regions of the world, and the diversity and distribution of species remains poorly documented (Stampar et al 2016). This is especially true for species that are difficult to observe and collect, because of nocturnal habits, small body size, or deeply extended burrows.…”

“…The small, nocturnal tube anemones of the family Arachnactidae are a case in point (den Hartog 1977; Stampar et al 2012, 2015a). This family is comprised of two benthic genera, Arachnanthus Carlgren, 1912 and Isarachnanthus Carlgren, 1924 (Stampar et al 2016), although other genera have been proposed based only on larval forms (Molodtsova 2004). However, larval genera are not currently linked to those of adults and therefore their status remains unclear (Stampar et al 2015a).…”

Botruanthus mexicanus (Cnidaria: Ceriantharia), a new species of tube-dwelling anemone from the Gulf of Mexico

“…Scientific knowledge of the subclass Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) dates back to the late 1700s, and still presents a number of gaps (Stampar et al 2016). One of these concerns the family Botrucnidiferidae Carlgren, 1912 (Molodtsova 2001), which comprises only three benthic species, organized in two genera: Botruanthus McMurrich, 1910, andBotrucnidifer Carlgren, 1912.…”