Cerenkov radiation and its applications

Jelley, J. V.

doi:10.1088/0508-3443/6/7/301

Cited by 235 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In general the emission yield per unit path length is approximately proportional to 1/λ 2 (Jelley 1958). Desired characteristics of a Cherenkov radiator thus include a high transparency over a wide range of wavelengths, especially towards the ultraviolet (UV) region, and a high refractive index.…”

Section: Cherenkov Effect For Tof-petmentioning

confidence: 99%

BGO as a hybrid scintillator / Cherenkov radiator for cost-effective time-of-flight PET

2017

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Due to detector developments in the last decade, the time-of-flight (TOF) method is now commonly used to improve the quality of positron emission tomography (PET) images. Clinical TOF-PET systems based on L(Y)SO:Ce crystals and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with coincidence resolving times (CRT) between 325 ps and 400 ps FWHM have recently been developed. Before the introduction of L(Y)SO:Ce, BGO was used in many PET systems. In addition to a lower price, BGO offers a superior attenuation coefficient and a higher photoelectric fraction than L(Y)SO:Ce. However, BGO is generally considered an inferior TOF-PET scintillator. In recent years, TOF-PET detectors based on the Cherenkov effect have been proposed. However, the low Cherenkov photon yield in the order of ∼10 photons per event complicates energy discrimination-a severe disadvantage in clinical PET. The optical characteristics of BGO, in particular its high transparency down to 310 nm and its high refractive index of ∼2.15, are expected to make it a good Cherenkov radiator. Here, we study the feasibility of combining event timing based on Cherenkov emission with energy discrimination based on scintillation in BGO, as a potential approach towards a cost-effective TOF-PET detector. Rise time measurements were performed using a timecorrelated single photon counting (TCSPC) setup implemented on a digital photon counter (DPC) array, revealing a prompt luminescent component likely to be due to Cherenkov emission. Coincidence timing measurements were performed using BGO crystals with a cross-section of 3 mm × 3 mm and five different lengths between 3 mm and 20 mm, coupled to DPC arrays. NonGaussian coincidence spectra with a FWHM of 200 ps were obtained with the 27 mm 3 BGO cubes, while FWHM values as good as 330 ps were achieved Institute of Physics and Engineering in MedicineOriginal content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. with the 20 mm long crystals. The FWHM value was found to improve with decreasing temperature, while the FWTM value showed the opposite trend.

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Section: Cherenkov Effect For Tof-petmentioning

confidence: 99%

BGO as a hybrid scintillator / Cherenkov radiator for cost-effective time-of-flight PET

2017

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“…Cherenkov radiation is an optical emission observed when charged particles move in a dielectric medium with the velocity greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium [6]. Such radiation can be induced by MV radiation beams in water [7,8] and in biological tissues [9,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such radiation can be induced by MV radiation beams in water [7,8] and in biological tissues [9,10]. The spectrum of Cherenkov emission is weighted toward ultraviolet and blue frequencies [6]. As such, Cherenkov radiation can be used to excite optical transitions of molecular probes, possessing absorption bands in the UV-blue region.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging

et al. 2015

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Ionizing radiation is commonly delivered by medical linear accelerators (LINAC) in the form of shaped beams, and it is able to induce Cherenkov emission in tissue. In fluorescence-based microscopy excitation from scanned spots, lines, or sheets can be used for fast high-resolution imaging. Here we introduce Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) as a new imaging methodology utilizing 2-dimensional (∼5-mm-thick) sheets of LINAC radiation to produce Cherenkov photons, which in turn excite luminescence of probes distributed in biological tissues. Imaging experiments were performed by scanning these excitation sheets in three orthogonal directions while recording Cherenkov-excited luminescence. Tissue phantom studies have shown that single luminescent inclusions ∼1 mm in diameter can be imaged within 20-mm-thick tissue-like media with minimal loss of spatial resolution. Using a phosphorescent probe for oxygen, PtG4 with the CELSI methodology, an image of partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) was imaged in a rat lymph node, quantitatively restoring pO₂ values in differently oxygenated tissues.

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“…Charged particles induce polarization in the surrounding medium. When returning to equilibrium, radiation is emitted (Elrick and Parker 1968;Jelley 1955). It was only in 2009 that a sensitive detector was developed, that can measure the low levels of light (consistent with CR) released by positron-emitting radiotracers (Robertson et al 2009).…”

Section: CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost signature: progress and failures in in vivo tracking of implanted stem cells

Haar

Lavrentieva

Stahl

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Stem cell therapy as a part of regenerative medicine provides promising approaches for the treatment of injuries and diseases. The increasing use of mesenchymal stem cells in various medical treatments created the demand for long-term in vivo cell tracking methods. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze post-transplantational survival, biodistribution, and engraftment of cells. Furthermore, stem cell treatment has been discussed controversially due to possible association with tumor formation in the recipient. For therapeutic purpose, stem cells must undergo substantial manipulation such as differentiation and in vitro expansion, and this can lead to the occurrence of genetic aberrations and altered expression of both tumor suppression and carcinogenic factors. To control therapy, it is necessary to find a reliable and general method to track and identify implanted cells in the recipient. This is especially challenging for autologous transplantations, as standard fingerprinting methods cannot be applied. An optimal technique for in vivo cell monitoring does not yet exist, and its development holds several challenges: small numbers of transplanted cells, possibility of cell number quantification, minimal transfer of the contrast agent to non-transplanted cells, and no genetic modification. This review discusses most of the proposed solutions, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and optical imaging methods. Additionally, the recent research on cell labeling for stem cell monitoring after transplantation including in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo imaging studies is described. Promising future imaging modalities for stem cell monitoring after transplantation are shown.

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Cerenkov radiation and its applications

Cited by 235 publications

References 16 publications

BGO as a hybrid scintillator / Cherenkov radiator for cost-effective time-of-flight PET

BGO as a hybrid scintillator / Cherenkov radiator for cost-effective time-of-flight PET

Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging

Lost signature: progress and failures in in vivo tracking of implanted stem cells

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