Cerebrovascular Responses under Controlled and Monitored Physiological Conditions in the Anesthetized Mouse

Dalkara, Turgay; Irikura, Katsumi; Huang, Zhihong; Panahian, Nariman; Moskowitz, Michael A.

doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1995.78

Cited by 92 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…5, Table 3), similar in amplitude to our previous observations using LDF (Dalkara et al, 1995;Ma et al, 1996b). The CO 2 reactivity index was 1.4 ± 0.3, compared to a previously published value of 1.8 (Dalkara et al, 1995).…”

Section: Hypercapniasupporting

confidence: 90%

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

Ayata

Dunn

Gürsoy‐Özdemir

et al. 2004

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

260

227

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Summary:Laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) is useful to assess noninvasively two-dimensional cerebral blood flow (CBF) with high temporal and spatial resolution. The authors show that LSF can image the spatiotemporal dynamics of CBF changes in mice through an intact skull. When measured by LSF, peak CBF increases during whisker stimulation closely correlated with simultaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) measurements, and were greater within the branches of the middle cerebral artery supplying barrel cortex than within barrel cortex capillary bed itself. When LSF was used to study the response to inhaled CO 2 (5%), the flow increase was similar to the response reported using LDF. For the upper and lower limits of autoregulation, mean arterial pressure values were 110 and 40 mm Hg, respectively. They also show a linear relationship between absolute resting CBF, as determined by [ 14 C]iodoamphetamine technique, and 1/ c values obtained using LSF, and used 1/ c values to compare resting CBF between different animals. Finally, the authors studied CBF changes after distal middle cerebral artery ligation, and developed a model to investigate the spatial distribution and hemodynamics of moderate to severely ischemic cortex. In summary, LSF has distinct advantages over LDF for CBF monitoring because of high spatial resolution.

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Section: Hypercapniasupporting

confidence: 90%

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

Ayata

Dunn

Gürsoy‐Özdemir

et al. 2004

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

260

227

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data obtained in our laboratory has shown that mice breathing spontaneously during anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine had severely disturbed blood parameters (tHb 13.47 0.42 g%, pO 2 107724.7 mmHg, pCO 2 97.0724.7 mmHg and pH 7.0070.05). This was also the case in CD-1 mice breathing spontaneously while under anaesthesia with chloral hydrate and xylazine (Dalkara et al 1995). The observed arterial pO 2 and pCO 2 of the mechanically ventilated mice in this study had values similar to mice that underwent 40 min of open chest operation and were mechanically ventilated (Guo et al 1998).…”

Section: Time (Minutes)supporting

confidence: 75%

A novel and simple method for endotracheal intubation of mice

et al. 2007

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SummaryEndotracheal intubation in mice is necessary for experiments involving intratracheal instillation of various substances, repeated pulmonary function assessments and mechanical ventilation. Previously described methods for endotracheal intubation in mice require the use of injection anaesthesia to immobilize the animal during the intubation procedure or the use of a volatile anaesthetic prior to intubation for immobilization. With these methods, the control of anaesthetic depth during the intubation procedure is absent.We describe a method for simple and rapid intratracheal intubation in mice for mechanical ventilation, using a self-built plastic support to facilitate the intubation procedure. General anaesthesia is maintained by means of inhalation through a non-rebreathing circuit connected to the plastic support. This set-up gives the operator control of anaesthetic depth and sufficient time to perform the intubation procedure. A purpose-made laryngoscopic blade is used to facilitate the intubation tube entering the trachea. The blade of the purposemade laryngoscope is constructed as a retraction guide and is curved for easy handling. Under direct vision, the epiglottis is gently lifted by the laryngoscopic blade while the intubation tube is pushed into the trachea.Following this novel intubation technique, we were able to mechanically ventilate mice for at least 2 h without severely disturbing blood gases. Histological evaluation of the lungs and microscopic evaluation of the trachea and larynx showed no signs of trauma related to the intubation technique or mechanical ventilation.

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“…That this model allows surgicical interventions was confirmed by the lack of the hind leg withdrawal reflex during laparotomy or thoracotomy. This deep level of anesthesia may explain why arterial blood pressure in our model can be lower than blood pressure in anesthetized mice reported by some studies (4,13).…”

Section: Anesthesia Effect On Blood Pressure and Hrmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…Although it is very important, few studies have systematically looked at these aspects for the mouse within one experimental design. In many hemodynamic studies, the anesthetic regimen of choice has been urethane and/or ␣-chloralose, which was recently recommended for the mouse (4,17). However, in our study, the urethane/␣-chloralose combination was inferior in terms of blood pressure and HR when compared with a fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam (FFM) regimen (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Hemodynamics of anesthetized ventilated mouse models: aspects of anesthetics, fluid support, and strain

Zuurbier¹,

Emons²,

İnce

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

130

100

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This study evaluates the effects of anesthesia and fluid support on hemodynamic parameters of the mechanically ventilated mouse of four different strains. All experiments were performed at a similar surgical level of anesthesia, as indicated by the probing of the pedal withdrawal reflex. Three anesthetic regimens [fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam (FFM), ketamine-medetomidine-atropine (KMA), and isoflurane (ISO)], four commonly used mouse strains (Swiss, CD-1, BalbC, and C57Bl6), and three different fluid support strategies (no fluid, 0.2 ml · h−1 · 10 g−1 of 6% polystarch solution, and 0.5 ml · h−1 · 10 g−1 saline) were studied. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate (HR) was similar among the four strains of mice except a trend toward lower HR for the BalbC mice. In terms of MAP, KMA is the preferred anesthetic for the Swiss and CD-1 mice, whereas KMA or ISO are recommended for BalbC or C57Bl6 mice. In terms of HR, ISO is the preferred anesthetic for the Swiss, CD-1, and C57Bl6 strains. No differences in HR for the three anesthetics were observed for the BalbC strain. Compared with administration of no fluid, both saline and polystarch administration similarly increased MAP by 7 ± 2, 10 ± 2, and 11 ± 2 mmHg at t = 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively, whereas fluid administration was without effect on HR. Saline supplementation resulted in an increased dry-to-wet ratio of the heart and both fluid regimens decreased total hemoglobin in the blood from 12.6 ± 0.5 to 10.4 ± 0.5 g/100 ml. Saline administration was associated with blood acidosis (pH 7.20 ± 0.03) compared with the Haes (pH 7.29 ± 0.02) or no-fluid group (pH 7.34 ± 0.03), whereas Pco 2 was ∼30 mmHg for all groups. We conclude that at similar surgical levels of anesthesia, the preferable type of anesthesia (ISO or KMA, but never FFM) depends on the strain used and whether MAP or HR is the focus of study. Additional fluid support is beneficial in terms of raising arterial blood pressure, although this is at the cost of changes in organ water content and increased anemia.

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Cerebrovascular Responses under Controlled and Monitored Physiological Conditions in the Anesthetized Mouse

Cited by 92 publications

References 19 publications

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

A novel and simple method for endotracheal intubation of mice

Hemodynamics of anesthetized ventilated mouse models: aspects of anesthetics, fluid support, and strain

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