Cerebrovascular responses to graded exercise in young healthy males and females

Ashley, John; Shelley, Joe H.; Sun, Jong-joo; Song, Ji‐Won; Trent, Jacob A.; Ambrosio, Luis D.; Larson, Daniel J.; Larson, Rebecca D.; Yabluchanskiy, Andriy; Kellawan, J. Mikhail

doi:10.14814/phy2.14622

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, recent studies have shown no difference in the CBF response to moderate-intensity exercise between females and males 106,107 with sex-related differences in CBF regulation only apparent at severe intensity exercise (80–100% maximal workload). 108 As such, we do not expect that the inclusion of 5 female participants in the fixed intensity submaximal exercise protocol (0, 50, 75, 100 watts) would affect the variability of our results. Future investigations are merited to address any sex-related differences in cerebrovascular acid-base regulation in response to respiratory and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Trans-cerebral HCO₃⁻ and PCO₂ exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Caldwell

Hoiland

Smith

et al. 2021

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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This study investigated trans-cerebral internal jugular venous-arterial bicarbonate ([HCO3−]) and carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) exchange utilizing two separate interventions to induce acidosis: 1) acute respiratory acidosis via elevations in arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) (n = 39); and 2) metabolic acidosis via incremental cycling exercise to exhaustion (n = 24). During respiratory acidosis, arterial [HCO3−] increased by 0.15 ± 0.05 mmol ⋅ l−1 per mmHg elevation in PaCO2 across a wide physiological range (35 to 60 mmHg PaCO2; P < 0.001). The narrowing of the venous-arterial [HCO3−] and PCO2 differences with respiratory acidosis were both related to the hypercapnia-induced elevations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) (both P < 0.001; subset n = 27); thus, trans-cerebral [HCO3−] exchange (CBF × venous-arterial [HCO3−] difference) was reduced indicating a shift from net release toward net uptake of [HCO3−] (P = 0.004). Arterial [HCO3−] was reduced by −0.48 ± 0.15 mmol ⋅ l−1 per nmol ⋅ l−1 increase in arterial [H+] with exercise-induced acidosis (P < 0.001). There was no relationship between the venous-arterial [HCO3−] difference and arterial [H+] with exercise-induced acidosis or CBF; therefore, trans-cerebral [HCO3−] exchange was unaltered throughout exercise when indexed against arterial [H+] or pH (P = 0.933 and P = 0.896, respectively). These results indicate that increases and decreases in systemic [HCO3−] – during acute respiratory/exercise-induced metabolic acidosis, respectively – differentially affect cerebrovascular acid-base balance (via trans-cerebral [HCO3−] exchange).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Trans-cerebral HCO₃⁻ and PCO₂ exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Caldwell

Hoiland

Smith

et al. 2021

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…Of the 1,174 participants collectively included in this systematic review, 727 (61.9 %) identified as male, 379 as female (32.29 %), whereas the sex of 68 (5.79 %) was not reported. Sex may impact the CBF response to exercise; for example, Ashley and colleagues (2020) found that the cerebral vascular conductance index (CVCi) was significantly greater in females compared to males in their sample, while the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was significantly greater in males compared to females.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Included studies using parameters of internal load to determine exercise intensity (Andrianopoulos et al, 2018;Billaut et al, 2010;Billinger et al, 2017;Billinger et al, 2021;Burma et al, 2020;Ellis et al, 2017;Faulkner et al, 2016;Fisher et al, 2013;Furlong et al, 2020;Giles et al, 2014;Hiura et al, 2009;Hiura et al, 2013;Hiura et al, 2018;Ichinose et al, 2020;Klein et al, 2019;Labrecque et al, 2020;Lyngeraa et al, 2013;Malik et al, 2018;Monroe et al, 2016;Parfitt et al, 2017;Perdomo et al, 2019;Pontifex et al, 2018;Rattray et al, 2017;Robertson et al, 2015;Santos-Concejero et al, 2017;Sato et al, 2011;Shibuya et al, 2004;Steventon et al, 2019;Steventon et al, 2020;Tsubaki et al, 2018;Tsubaki et al, 2016;Witte et al, 2019) focused on Vo2max, heart rate reserve (HRR), peak work rate (WRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak), and perceived exertion rates (Borg, 1970). On the other hand, experiments using parameters of external load centered around Watt (W) as a measure of exercise intensity (Ashley et al, 2020;Billinger et al, 2017;Braz et al, 2017;Fisher et al, 2013;Fisher ...…”

Section: Exercise Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acute Cardiovascular Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Systematic Review

Mulser

Moreau

2022

Preprint

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A single bout of cardiovascular exercise can have a cascade of physiological effects, including increased blood flow to the brain. This effect has been documented across multiple modalities, yet studies have reported mixed findings. Here, we systematically review evidence for the acute effect of cardiovascular exercise on cerebral blood flow across a range of neuroimaging techniques and exercise characteristics. Based on 52 studies and a combined sample size of 1,174 individuals, our results indicate that the acute effect of cardiovascular exercise on cerebral blood flow generally follows an inverted U-shaped relationship, whereby blood flow increases early on but eventually decreases as exercise continues. However, we also find that this effect is not uniform across studies, instead varying across a number of key variables including exercise characteristics, brain regions, and neuroimaging modalities. As the most comprehensive synthesis on the topic to date, this systematic review sheds light on the determinants of exercise-induced change in cerebral blood flow, a necessary step toward personalized interventions targeting brain health across a range of populations.

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“…The cardiovascular response to exercise differs between men and women, even when similar relative intensities were used (Ogawa et al ., 1992). Thus, CBF and CSF flow dynamics during exercise may also differ by sex, as suggested by studies using transcranial Doppler (TCD) (Ward et al ., 2018; Joshi & Edgell, 2019; Ashley et al ., 2020). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to characterize CBF and CSF flow dynamics during moderate‐intensity RHG exercise using cine PC‐MRI in young healthy men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young healthy men and women

Tarumi

Yamabe

Fukuie

et al. 2021

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points The cerebral fluid response to exercise, including the arterial and venous cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), currently remains unknown. We used time‐resolved phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging to assess changes in CBF and CSF flow dynamics during moderate‐intensity rhythmic handgrip (RHG) exercise in young healthy men and women. Our data demonstrated that RHG increases the cerebral arterial inflow and venous outflow while decreasing the pulsatile CSF flow during RHG. Furthermore, changes in blood stroke volume at the measured arteries, veins, and sinuses and CSF stroke volume at the cerebral aqueduct were positively correlated with each other during RHG. Male and female participants exhibited distinct blood pressure responses to RHG, but their cerebral fluid responses were similar. These results collectively suggest that RHG influences both CBF and CSF flow dynamics in a way that is consistent with the Monro–Kellie hypothesis to maintain intracranial volume‐pressure homeostasis in young healthy adults. Abstract Cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases during exercise, but its impact on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow remains unknown. This study investigated CBF and CSF flow dynamics during moderate‐intensity rhythmic handgrip (RHG) exercise in young healthy men and women. Twenty‐six participants (12 women) underwent the RHG and resting control conditions in random order. Participants performed 3 sets of RHG, during which cine phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) was performed to measure blood stroke volume (SV) and flow rate in the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries, the internal jugular vein (IJV), the superior sagittal (SSS) and straight sinuses (SRS), and CSF SV and flow rate in the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius. Blood pressure, end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate were simultaneously measured during cine PC‐MRI scans. Compared with control conditions, RHG showed significant elevations of HR, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate with a mild reduction of EtCO2 (all P < 0.05). RHG decreased blood SV in the measured arteries, veins, and sinuses and CSF SV in the aqueduct (all P < 0.05). Conversely, RHG increased blood flow in the ICA, VA, and IJV (all P < 0.05). At the aqueduct, RHG decreased the absolute CSF flow rate (P = 0.0307), which was calculated as a sum of the caudal and cranial CSF flow rates. Change in the ICA SV was positively correlated with changes in the IJV, SSS, SRS, and aqueductal SV during RHG (all P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate a close coupling between the CBF and CSF flow dynamics during RHG in young healthy adults.

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Cerebrovascular responses to graded exercise in young healthy males and females

Cited by 12 publications

References 76 publications

Trans-cerebral HCO₃⁻ and PCO₂ exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Trans-cerebral HCO₃⁻ and PCO₂ exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Effect of Acute Cardiovascular Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Systematic Review

Brain blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young healthy men and women

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Cerebrovascular responses to graded exercise in young healthy males and females

Cited by 12 publications

References 76 publications

Trans-cerebral HCO3− and PCO2 exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Trans-cerebral HCO3− and PCO2 exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Effect of Acute Cardiovascular Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Systematic Review

Brain blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young healthy men and women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Trans-cerebral HCO₃⁻ and PCO₂ exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Trans-cerebral HCO₃⁻ and PCO₂ exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans