Cerebrovascular function response to prolonged sitting combined with a high‐glycemic index meal: A double‐blind, randomized cross‐over trial

Burnet, Kathryn; Blackwell, Jade; Kelsch, Elizabeth; Hanson, Erik D.; Stone, Keeron; Fryer, Simon M; Credeur, Daniel P.; Palta, Priya; Stoner, Lee

doi:10.1111/psyp.13830

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Our results build upon those of Wanders, Cuijpers, et al [38] who found that after 4-h of sitting with different Western meal types, physical activity interruption delayed post-breakfast mood and vigour decrements, as well as increases in fatigue and sleepiness irrespective of meal type. However, our findings are also in direct conflict to others [3] who assessed the effects of a high and low glycaemic beverage on TMT B pre and post 180 min of uninterrupted sitting. The authors found that irrespective of the beverage type, completion time significantly improved over 180 min of sitting.…”

Section: Comparison To the Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The differences in findings between this study and ours may be explained by the dissimilar protocols used. Burnet, Blackwell, et al [3] did not report TMT familiarisation prior to their experimental trials, whereas in the current study there was prior practise during the familiarization visit in order to try and remove any learning effect. Learning effects with the TMT have previously been reported.…”

Section: Comparison To the Literaturementioning

confidence: 81%

“…Using a previously reported effect size of 0.4 derived from our previous study assessing executive function [3], and power set at 0.8 with Type I error set at 0.05, approximately 12 participants were required. We over-recruited by n = 1 to account for any data errors or potential attrition during the study.…”

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies have associated high amounts of sedentary behaviours with cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, dementia, impaired brain structure and function [1], and cognitive impairment [2]. Whilst the exact mechanisms by which sedentary behaviour leads to cognitive dysfunction is unclear, it is known that periods of prolonged uninterrupted sitting can lead to reductions in brain blood flow and cerebral oxygenation which have been linked to cognitive decline [3,4], and brief physical activity interruptions can prevent these cerebrovascular declines [4][5][6] and increase memory storage [7]. In turn, habitual physical activity is associated with a lower risk of developing cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, our research group assessed the effect of 180-min of sitting with a high and low glycaemic meal on executive function, brain blood flow and cerebral perfusion [3]. Whilst executive function and brain blood flow decreased over time, there was no condition effect suggesting glycaemic index alone did not play a role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Fryer

Paterson

Stoner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Prolonged uninterrupted sitting and a typical Western meal, high in fat and refined sugar, can additively impair cognitive and cerebrovascular functions. However, it is unknown whether interrupting these behaviours, with a simple desk-based activity, can attenuate the impairment. The aim of this study was to determine whether regular leg fidgeting can off-set the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting following the consumption of a typical Western meal, on executive and cerebrovascular function. Using a randomized cross-over design, 13 healthy males consumed a Western meal and completed 180-min of prolonged sitting with leg fidgeting of 1 min on/4 min off (intervention [INT]) and without (control [CON]). Cognitive function was assessed pre and post sitting using the Trail Maker Test (TMT) parts A and B. Common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow, as an index of brain flow, was measured pre and post, and cerebral (FP1) perfusion was measured continuously. For TMT B the CON trial significantly increased (worsened) completion time (mean difference [MD] = 5.2 s, d = 0.38), the number of errors (MD = 3.33, d = 0.68) and cognitive fatigue (MD = 0.73, d = 0.92). Compared to CON, the INT trial significantly improved completion time (MD = 2.3 s, d = 0.97), and prevented declines in cognitive fatigue and a reduction in the number of errors. No significant changes in cerebral perfusion or CCA blood flow were found. Leg fidgeting for 1-min on/4-min off following a meal high in fats and refined sugars attenuated the impairment in executive function. This attenuation in executive function may not be caused by alterations in CCA blood flow or cerebral perfusion.

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Section: Comparison To the Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To the Literaturementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Fryer

Paterson

Stoner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review protocol

et al. 2022

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IntroductionGreater engagement in sedentary behaviours has been related to poorer cognitive functions in epidemiological research. However, the effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration on cognitive function, brain function, and structure remain poorly understood. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence on the effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration by increasing time spent in physical activity on cognitive function, brain structure and function in apparently healthy children, adolescents and adults.Methods and analysisThe protocol follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The literature search will be conducted (search dates: August–September 2022) across six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (via EBSCO Host), PsycINFO (via ProQuest), SPORTDiscus and Web of Science (Science and Social Science Citation Index). The inclusion criteria are as follows: randomised and non-randomised experimental studies as defined by the Cochrane Handbook, published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, and as theses or dissertations. References of included papers will be screened for additional studies. Acute and chronic interventions targeting children (≥ 4 years), adolescents, younger adults (≥ 18–40 years), middle-aged (40–64 years) and older adults (65+ years) will be eligible. Methodological quality will be assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Qualitative synthesis will be stratified by intervention type (acute vs chronic), intervention content (reducing sedentary time or interrupting prolonged sitting) and outcome (cognitive, brain structure and function).Ethics and disseminationNo primary data collection will be conducted as part of this systematic review. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020200998.

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The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome

Stoner,

Higgins,

Paterson

2023

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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This review proposes a biologically plausible working model for the relationship between the 24-hour activity cycle (24-HAC) to cardiovascular disease. The 24-HAC encompasses moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep. MVPA confers the greatest relative cardioprotective effect - when considering MVPA represents just 2% of the day if physical activity guidelines (30 min/day) are met. While we have well established guidelines for MVPA, those for the remaining activity behaviors are vague. The vague guidelines are attributable to our limited mechanistic understanding of the independent and additive effects of these behaviors on the cardiovascular system. Our proposed biological model places arterial stiffness, a measure of vascular aging, as the key intermediate outcome. Starting with prolonged exposure to SB or static standing, we propose that the reported transient increases in arterial stiffness are driven by a cascade of negative hemodynamic effects following venous pooling. The subsequent autonomic, metabolic, and hormonal changes further impair vascular function. Vascular dysfunction can be offset by using mechanistic-informed interruption strategies and by engaging in protective behaviors throughout the day. Physical activity, especially MVPA, can confer protection by chronically improving endothelial function and associated protective mechanisms. Conversely, poor sleep, especially in duration and quality, negatively effects hormonal, metabolic, autonomic, and hemodynamic variables that can confound the physiological responses to next-day activity behaviors. Our hope is that the proposed biologically plausible working model will assist in furthering our understanding of the effects of these complex, inter-related activity behaviors on the cardiovascular system.

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Cerebrovascular function response to prolonged sitting combined with a high‐glycemic index meal: A double‐blind, randomized cross‐over trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review protocol

The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome

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