Cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue exchange revealed by phase alternate labeling with null recovery MRI

Li, Anna M.; Xu, Jiadi

doi:10.1002/mrm.29092

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The diffusion and the water‐binding processes are not water‐channel‐dependent. The comparable values between AQP4 −/− and WT mice further suggest that the CSF‐ISF exchange contribution to the observed MISL signal is lower than the ependyma‐CSF exchange, which is consistent with the T 2 ‐PALAN measurement 52 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The current observation supported the extremely high CSF turnover rates between the CSF and the surrounding tissues. The CSF water exchange value is 891–1153 ml/100 ml/min in LV and 3V measured with the T 1 and ADC‐PALAN method 52 . Furthermore, the PALAN kinetic curves resembled those measured with pulsed MISL with T 1a = 1/ R 1a = 0.8 s. Three different MRI contrasts (MT, T 1, and diffusion) yielded highly consistent results and validated each other’s high CSF water exchange values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The CSF water exchange value is 891-1153 ml/100 ml/min in LV and 3V measured with the T 1 and ADC-PALAN method. 52 Furthermore, the PALAN kinetic curves resembled those measured with pulsed MISL with T 1a = 1/R 1a = 0.8 s. Three different MRI contrasts (MT, T 1, and diffusion) yielded consistent and validated each other's high CSF water exchange values. Pixel-wise correction between the maps acquired by continuous MISL and T 1 -PALAN (Supporting Information Figure S1) also validated the current results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Pixel‐wise correction between the maps acquired by continuous MISL and T 1 ‐PALAN (Supporting Information Figure ) also validated the current results. Although CSF water exchange could be measured by T 1 and diffusion contrasts, the MT labeling is still an elegant solution that labels the ISF component without disturbing CSF because CSF contains only ~0.15 to 0.6 mg/ml proteins 31 and provides a much higher signal (~10%) compared to the T 1 ‐PALAN methods (<4%) 52 . Water molecules binding with the macromolecules in the ependymal layer can also contribute to the observed high MISL signal 55,56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently developed a phase alternate labeling with null recovery method (PALAN) MRI that quantifies the water exchange among different tissue components by using the significant T 1 , T 2, and diffusion differences. 52 In the T 2 -PALAN study, the ISF to CSF exchange was determined extremely low. Therefore, the contribution of ISF-CSF exchange to the MISL signal is expected to be far lower than that of ependyma-CSF and can be neglected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Chen

Liu

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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A non-invasive magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling (MISL) MRI method is developed to quantify the water exchange between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other tissues in the brain and to examine the age-dependence of water exchange. Method:In the pulsed MISL, we implemented a short selective pulse followed by a post-labeling delay before an MRI acquisition with a long echo time; in the continuous MISL, a train of saturation pulses was applied. MISL signal (∆Z) was obtained by the subtraction of the label MRI at −3.5 ppm from the control MRI at 200 ppm. CSF was extracted from the mouse ventricles for the MISL optimization and validation. Comparison between wild type (WT) and aquaporin-4 knockout (AQP4 −/− ) mice was performed to examine the contributions of CSF water exchange, whereas its age-dependence was investigated by comparing the adult and young WT mice. Results:The pulsed MISL method observed that the MISL signal reached the maximum at 1.5 s. The continuous MISL method showed the highest MISL signal in the fourth ventricle (∆Z = 13.5% ± 1.4%), whereas the third ventricle and the lateral ventricles had similar MISL ∆Z values (∆Z = 12.0% ± 1.8%). Additionally, significantly lower ∆Z (9.3%-18.7% reduction) was found in all ventricles for the adult mice than those of the young mice (p < 0.02). For the AQP4 −/− mice, the ∆Z values were 5.9%-8.3% smaller than those of the age-matched WT mice in the lateral and fourth ventricles, but were not significant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Chen

Liu

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Quantification of T₁ and T₂ of subarachnoid CSF: Implications for water exchange between CSF and brain tissues

Jiang

Gou

Wei

et al. 2023

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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PurposeTo quantify the T1 and T2 values of CSF in the subarachnoid space (SAS) at 3 T and interpret them in the context of water exchange between CSF and brain tissues.MethodsCSF T1 was measured using inversion recovery, and CSF T2 was assessed using T2‐preparation. T1 and T2 values in the SAS were compared with those in the frontal horns of lateral ventricles, which have less brain‐CSF exchange. Phantom experiments were performed to examine whether there were spatial variations in T1 and T2 that were unrelated to brain‐CSF exchange. Simulations were conducted to investigate the relationship between the brain‐CSF exchange rate and the apparent T1 and T2 values of SAS CSF.ResultsThe CSF T1 and T2 values were 4308.7 ± 146.9 ms and 1885.5 ± 67.9 ms, respectively, in the SAS and were 4454.0 ± 187.9 ms and 2372.9 ± 72.0 ms in the frontal horns. The SAS CSF had shorter T1 (p = 0.006) and T2 (p < 0.0001) than CSF in the frontal horns. Phantom experiments showed negligible (< 6 ms for T1; < 1 ms for T2) spatial variations in T1 and T2, suggesting that the T1 and T2 differences between SAS and frontal horns were largely attributed to physiological reasons. Simulations revealed that faster brain‐CSF exchange rates lead to shorter apparent T1 and T2 of SAS CSF. However, the experimentally observed T2 difference between SAS and frontal horns was greater than that attributable to typical exchange effect, suggesting that the T2 shortening in SAS may reflect a combined effect of exchange and deoxyhemoglobin susceptibility.ConclusionQuantification of SAS CSF relaxation times may be useful to assess the brain‐CSF exchange.

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The effect of aquaporin‐4 inhibition on cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange in mouse brain detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Chen,

Lai,

et al. 2024

NMR in Biomedicine

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The fluid transport of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid in surrounding tissues plays an important role in the drainage pathway that facilitates waste clearance from the brain. This pathway is known as the glymphatic or perivascular system, and its functions are dependent on aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). Recently, magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling (MISL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a noninvasive and noncontrast‐enhanced method for detecting water exchange between CSF and brain tissue. In this study, we first optimized the MISL sequence at preclinical 3 T MRI, and then studied the correlation of MISL in CSF with magnetization transfer (MT) in brain tissue, as well as the altered water exchange under AQP4 inhibition, using C57BL/6 mice. Results showed a strong correlation of MISL signal with MT signal. With the AQP4 inhibitor, we observed a significant decrease in MISL value (P < 0.05), suggesting that the hampered AQP4 activity led to decreased water exchange between CSF and brain tissue or the impairment of the glymphatic function. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential application of MISL in assessing brain water exchange at 3 T MRI and its potential clinical translation.

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Cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue exchange revealed by phase alternate labeling with null recovery MRI

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Quantification of T₁ and T₂ of subarachnoid CSF: Implications for water exchange between CSF and brain tissues

The effect of aquaporin‐4 inhibition on cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange in mouse brain detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

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Cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue exchange revealed by phase alternate labeling with null recovery MRI

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Quantification of T1 and T2 of subarachnoid CSF: Implications for water exchange between CSF and brain tissues

The effect of aquaporin‐4 inhibition on cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange in mouse brain detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

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Quantification of T₁ and T₂ of subarachnoid CSF: Implications for water exchange between CSF and brain tissues