Cerebrospinal fluid oxidative stress markers in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Oxidative stress has a significant impact on neurodegenerative diseases. The present paper reviewed the role of oxidative stress in disease progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and measurement of the oxidative stress markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD in vivo. Oxidative stress measurement in CSF in AD provides knowledge of underlying pathophysiology, to be a counterpart of oxidative stress neuroimaging, and to help differentiating AD from other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, these findings warrant future studies to see whether antioxidant intervention might help preventing progression of neurodegenerative diseases including AD.

DHA and Its Elaborated Modulation of Antioxidant Defenses of the Brain: Implications in Aging and AD Neurodegeneration

“…A plausible link of lipid changes with UOS in AD is supported by numerous reports showing an oxidative signature in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD and also in MCI subjects [152]. In this regard, increased Iso-PG2, 4-HNE and MDA contents, have been consistently observed in the CSF of MCI and AD individuals [137][138][139]152].…”

“…A plausible link of lipid changes with UOS in AD is supported by numerous reports showing an oxidative signature in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD and also in MCI subjects [152]. In this regard, increased Iso-PG2, 4-HNE and MDA contents, have been consistently observed in the CSF of MCI and AD individuals [137][138][139]152]. Likewise, protein oxidative modifications are commonly detected in CSF of AD patients, such as Scysteinylation, S-cysteinylglycinylation, S-glutathionylation as well as nucleic-acid-derived 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) [45,68,153].…”

Whole Blood Expression Pattern of Inflammation and Redox Genes in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

“…19 Various oxidative markers related to DNA oxidation/damage and lipid peroxidation, as well as antioxidant molecules such as glutathione, thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase, have been identified in AD patients, part of them being detected both in brain and CSF. 20 Altogether, the interplay between inflammation and redox changes 21 sustains the hypothesis that correlated low-grade inflammation and oxidative disturbances underlie pathological mechanisms in AD. 22 Blood, collected by a minimally invasive procedure, is an alternative to CSF.…”

“… 19 Various oxidative markers related to DNA oxidation/damage and lipid peroxidation, as well as antioxidant molecules such as glutathione, thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase, have been identified in AD patients, part of them being detected both in brain and CSF. 20 …”

The Hidden Role of Non-Canonical Amyloid β Isoforms in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Generation of oxidative stress has been described as a hallmark feature of AD [ 7 ]. Signs of oxidative damage are commonly found in the brain, CSF, blood, and urine of patients [ 268 , 269 , 270 , 271 ]. In particular, brain areas afflicted with large plaque and NFT depositions show high levels of oxidated proteins and lipid peroxidation.…”