Cerebrospinal fluid levels of chemokines in HIV infected patients with and without opportunistic infection of the central nervous system

Christo, Paulo Pereira; Vilela, Márcia de Carvalho; Bretas, Thales Lage Bicalho; Domingues, Renan Barros; Greco, Dirceu Bartolomeu; Livramento, José Antônio; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.09.002

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40 (Becton Dickinson, USA), IL-17A and CXCL-10 (R&D Systems, USA) were quantified in duplicate using a luminometer (Turner Biosystems, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions [13,25]. The results were expressed in picograms per milliliter based on a standard curve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine patterns in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis following initiation of antifungal and antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2017

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Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening infection in HIV-infected patients, especially in resource-limited settings. Cytokine patterns in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera may be related to clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate cytokine patterns in the CSF and sera of HIV-infected patients with CM as well as the cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when stimulated with LPS and cryptococcal GXM. CSF and serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A, INF-γ, TNF-α and CXCL-10 were measured in HIV-infected patients with CM (CM+ HIV+) at various time points. Cytokine levels were evaluated in the PBMC culture supernatants and the baseline values were compared to those of HIV-infected patients without CM (CM- HIV+) and healthy controls (CM- HIV-). CSF cytokine levels at admission (n = 33) were higher than levels among the 23 survivors at week 2, but statistically significant differences were observed for IL-8 and IFN-γ (p<0.05). CSF and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-17A at week 10 (n = 16) were lower than the baseline values, whereas IL-2 levels increased compared to week 2 (p<0.05). At week 16 (n = 15), CSF and serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 and CXCL-10 were decreased compared to the baseline values (p<0.05). PBMCs from CM- HIV- individuals produced significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS, with the exception of TNF-α, which showed higher levels among CM+ HIV+ patients. The PBMCs of CM patients produced higher levels of IL-4 than those of CM- HIV- patients in response to GXM stimulation, and levels progressively decreased during treatment (p<0.05). Then, a progressive shift in cytokine expression favoring a Th1 pattern was observed, which is crucial in controlling cryptococcal infection. A better understanding of the protective immune response against Cryptococcus neoformans will help to develop novel strategies to improve the outcomes of patients with cryptococcosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine patterns in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis following initiation of antifungal and antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2017

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“…For chemokine assays, serum samples were thawed, and excess of proteins was removed by acid/salt precipitation, as routinely performed in our laboratory [17,18] . Briefly, equal volumes of serum and 1.2% trifluoracetic acid/1.35 M NaCl were mixed and left at room temperature for 10 min.…”

Section: Measurement Of Chemokine Levels In Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Chemokines in Parkinson’s Disease

Scalzo

Miranda²,

Amaral³

et al. 2011

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Neuroinflammatory processes seem to contribute to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Chemokines play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, acting mainly as mediators of leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum levels of chemokines between healthy subjects and PD patients and to correlate these levels with the severity of PD. Methods: We used ELISA to measure the levels of CCL3, CCL11, CCL24, CXCL8 and CXCL10 chemokines in the serum of PD patients (n = 47) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 23). Patients were also clinically evaluated with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale and the Modified Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale. Results: There was no significant difference in serum levels of chemokines between controls and PD patients. There was no correlation between the serum levels of chemokines and the clinical measures of disease severity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that serum levels of chemokines may not be considered as potential biomarkers of PD.

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“…Furthermore Almeida et al obtained similar results and also suggested that CCL2 expression was associated with leukocyte transmigration into the CNS (Monteiro de Almeida et al 2006;Monteiro de Almeida et al 2005). In addition, CXCL10 was found to be positively correlated with CSF HIV viral load (Christo et al 2009;Gisolf et al 2000) and CSF pleocytosis (Cinque et al 2005;Kolb et al 1999) suggesting that this chemokine may contribute to HAD pathogenesis (Christo et al 2005). Activation of the plasminogen system has been reported in different neurological disorders such as stroke and other forms of acute brain injury (Bonneh-Barkay & Wiley 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Biomarkers of Encephalitis

Bonneh‐Barkay¹

2011

Pathogenesis of Encephalitis

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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of chemokines in HIV infected patients with and without opportunistic infection of the central nervous system

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Cytokine patterns in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis following initiation of antifungal and antiretroviral therapy

Cytokine patterns in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis following initiation of antifungal and antiretroviral therapy

Serum Levels of Chemokines in Parkinson’s Disease

Biomarkers of Encephalitis

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