Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and pyruvate concentrations and their ratio

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and pyruvate concentrations and ratio in healthy adult dogs

“…In human beings, a recent study to determine normative data for CSF lactate and pyruvate concentrations and CSF L/P ratios in a large, well-characterised reference population, reports CSF lactate and pyruvate levels between 1.01–2.09 mM and 0.03–0.15 mM, respectively, and 9.05–26.37 for CSF L/P ratio (Zhang and Natowicz 2012). …”

“…However, in one recent study, a positive correlation has been described between the CSF pyruvate concentration and age (Zhang and Natowicz 2012). More studies have to be performed in order to determine the real aged effects in dogs.…”

Glucose and Lactate

“…CSF lactate concentration is age dependent with a range between 1.0 and 2.7 mmol/L (9.9-23.4 mg/dL) but not sex dependent (Zhang and Natowicz 2013 …”

Equine laminitis: a tissue microdialysis study of lamellar bioenergetics

“…Any increase in lamellar tissue temperature could be expected to increase metabolic rate and therefore cellular glucose uptake, which could account for the marked significant decrease in dialysate (interstitial) glucose concentrations after ACP. This mechanism is supported by the increase in pyruvate and decrease in L:P in lamellar dialysate after ACP administration, a pattern consistent with increased uptake and metabolism of glucose rather than decreased supply (Zhang and Natowicz, 2013). However, phenothiazine derivatives such as ACP have been shown to induce a decrease in glucose uptake as a result of alteration in cell membrane permeability (Rogers, 1966) in other tissues including rat diaphragm and spinal cord , and even in Protozoa (Rogers, 1966).…”

“…The lack of lactate accumulation (also observed in all subsequent studies; Sections 5.2,5.3 and 5.4) suggested an adaptation to a high glycolytic rate in the lamellar tissue, with produced lactate being either utilised as an energy source via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; richly present in lamellar epidermis ) or removed efficiently via a lactate shuttle (Gladden, 2004). Furthermore, because L:P is indicative of tissue redox status and is considered a sensitive marker of cellular metabolic dysfunction (Vespa et al, 2005) used in the diagnostic evaluation of disorders of energy metabolism in a range of tissues (Marcoux et al, 2008;Zhang and Natowicz, 2013), with lamellar L:P resembling values recorded in skin and previously reported for brain (Zhang and Natowicz, 2013) and muscle (Edner et al, 2005), lamellar dialysate L:P was considered to have potential for detecting the presence of bioenergetic failure during laminitis development.…”