Cerebrospinal Fluid Inorganic Phosphorus in Normal and Pathologic Conditions

Friedman, Abraham; Levinson, Abraham

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1955.02330160074010

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The reported normal range of adult human serum citrate is 100 to 135 ,uM (17), and the range of serum phosphoric ester phosphates is 142 to 256 ,iM (22). In adult cerebrospinal fluid the concentration of citrate is 193 and 281 ,uM for cisternal and lumbar fluids, respectively, and the mean total inorganic phosphate concentration is 16.1 mM; this latter value increases with meningeal inflammation (20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis in vitro

Archibald¹,

DeVoe²

1980

Infect Immun

111

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Assays employing iron-limited solid and liquid, defined and complex media were devised to test the iron requirements of Neisseria meningitidis. A variety of tests yielded no evidence for the secretion of a soluble iron-binding substance (siderophore) by the meningococci. The meningococci were unable to use iron bound to some common hydroxamateand catechol-type siderophores or even compete with them for iron in the growth medium. A total of 20 strains of meningococci, differing widely in their virulence for mice, were similar in ability to acquire iron from a variety of iron-containing substances; the iron in such compounds as hog gastric mucin, citrate, hemoglobin, and myoglobin was easily acquired, whereas the iron in compounds such as ferrioxamine B, ferrichrome, ferritin, Imferon, cytochrome c, FePO4, and [Fe(OH)3]1 was not readily available. No correlation was noted between the ability of particular strains to obtain iron from compounds and virulence in mice. Iron complexed or chelated with a number of metabolic organic acids, polyphosphates, and several synthetic polycarboxylic acids was readily available to all strains, even though some of the compounds used had high effective binding constants for iron and all were in 3or 10-fold molar excess over the iron present. The addition of some of these iron-complexing substances (e.g., citrate and pyrophosphate) in iron-free form made many biologically important iron compounds that are normally inaccessible to the meningococci readily available.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis in vitro

Archibald¹,

DeVoe²

1980

Infect Immun

111

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“…Furthermore, our group has recently published evidence that there are differences between arachnoid cysts and normal arachnoid tissue in that the Na-K-Cl cotransporter NKCC1 is up-regulated in arachnoid cysts compared with normal arachnoid [8], and a small subset genes are differentially expressed in arachnoid cysts compared with normal arachnoid tissue [5]. The phosphate level in the CSF is kept lower than in the blood [16], due to active transport mechanisms in the choroid plexus epithelia. Higher phosphate concentration in the cyst fluid could imply that the cyst epithelium is either not, or is differentially equipped with transport mechanisms relative to the choroid plexus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachnoid cysts do not contain cerebrospinal fluid: A comparative chemical analysis of arachnoid cyst fluid and cerebrospinal fluid in adults

Berle

Wester

Ulvik

et al. 2010

Fluids Barriers CNS

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BackgroundArachnoid cyst (AC) fluid has not previously been compared with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the same patient. ACs are commonly referred to as containing "CSF-like fluid". The objective of this study was to characterize AC fluid by clinical chemistry and to compare AC fluid to CSF drawn from the same patient. Such comparative analysis can shed further light on the mechanisms for filling and sustaining of ACs.MethodsCyst fluid from 15 adult patients with unilateral temporal AC (9 female, 6 male, age 22-77y) was compared with CSF from the same patients by clinical chemical analysis.ResultsAC fluid and CSF had the same osmolarity. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium or glucose. We found significant elevated concentration of phosphate in AC fluid (0.39 versus 0.35 mmol/L in CSF; p = 0.02), and significantly reduced concentrations of total protein (0.30 versus 0.41 g/L; p = 0.004), of ferritin (7.8 versus 25.5 ug/L; p = 0.001) and of lactate dehydrogenase (17.9 versus 35.6 U/L; p = 0.002) in AC fluid relative to CSF.ConclusionsAC fluid is not identical to CSF. The differential composition of AC fluid relative to CSF supports secretion or active transport as the mechanism underlying cyst filling. Oncotic pressure gradients or slit-valves as mechanisms for generating fluid in temporal ACs are not supported by these results.

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“…This seems unlikely since immediately following brain ischemia, the extracellular fluid volume of the brain is small 14 and since the concentration of Pi in the extracellular fluid is relatively low, even in pathologic conditions. 15 Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences between or among groups within a protocol over time. In protocol 2, not all fasted piglets became hypogrycemic during ischemia; therefore, they were grouped post hoc according to their arterial plasma glucose concentration during ischemia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of plasma glucose concentration on cerebral metabolism during partial ischemia in neonatal piglets.

Laptook

Corbett

Nunnally

1990

Stroke

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We used neonatal piglets to determine the influence of plasma glucose concentration on cerebral energy metabolism during and immediately after partial ischemia. We assessed cerebral metabolism using in vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arterial plasma glucose concentration was increased in four piglets by systemic infusions of dextrose in water for comparison with infusions of saline in four controls or decreased in eight piglets by fasting for 24-48 hours for comparison with four fed piglets. Plasma glucose concentration showed a significant linear correlation with intracellular pH (r=-0.7, p<0.05). Piglets that developed hypoglycemia during partial ischemia had a smaller reduction in intracellular pH and a larger increase in inorganic phosphate content than piglets that were normogiycemic or hyperglycemic during ischemia. Similar differences persisted during the first 5 minutes of postischemic reperfusion. Subsequently, the cerebral concentrations of phosphorylated compounds returned to normal in all piglets. Our results demonstrate that 1) arterial plasma glucose concentration influences cerebral energy metabolism and intracellular pH during ischemia, 2) neonatal piglets can develop profound brain acidosis, and 3) brain acidosis during ischemia does not influence the restoration of cerebral phosphorylated compounds to control levels during the first 90 minutes after ischemia. (Stroke 1990^1:435-440) T he influence of blood glucose concentration on cerebral metabolism during hypoxia and/ or ischemia is an important determinant of cell damage. "3 Food-deprived juvenile monkeys and adult rats tolerated circulatory arrest functionally and pathologically better than animals infused with glucose before arrest. 6 In contrast, a deleterious effect of excessive glucose administration before hypoxia-ischemia has not been noted for neonatal rodents.7 Biochemical correlates of these observations revealed mean brain lactate concentrations of <20 /tmol/g. 8 It is possible that exces- Received May 8, 1989; accepted October 9, 1989. sive brain lactate (>20 /imol/g) never accumulates during hypoxia and/or ischemia in neonatal animals, implying that a deleterious effect of excessive glucose on neonatal cerebral metabolism does not exist. 9 However, using neonatal piglets we have recently demonstrated that during partial ischemia brain lactate concentration exceeded 20 ismol/g, profound intracellular acidosis occurred with values <6.0, and there was a strong linear correlation between the extent of brain acidosis and lactosis (r=0.94).10 Our current study addresses the following questions: 1) Do different plasma glucose concentrations during partial ischemia influence cerebral intracellular pH (pHj) and the concentrations of phosphorylated energy metabolites? 2) Do alterations in cerebral pH| during ischemia effect the recovery of cerebral phosphorylated compounds immediately after ischemia? Materials and MethodsWe studied 20 piglets at a mean±SD postnatal age of 8±3 days and a mean±SD weight of 1.37±0.25 k...

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Inorganic Phosphorus in Normal and Pathologic Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Iron acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis in vitro

Iron acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis in vitro

Arachnoid cysts do not contain cerebrospinal fluid: A comparative chemical analysis of arachnoid cyst fluid and cerebrospinal fluid in adults

Effect of plasma glucose concentration on cerebral metabolism during partial ischemia in neonatal piglets.

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