Cerebrospinal fluid GABA levels in various neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Kuroda, Hiroo; Ogawa, Norio; Yamawaki, Yasuhide; Nukina, Itaru; Ofuji, Tadashi; Yamamoto, Mitsutoshi; Otsuki, Saburo

doi:10.1136/jnnp.45.3.257

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…High concentrations of GABA are present in the cerebellar dentate nucleus (Fahn & Cote, 1968;Defeadis, 1975) and electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex leads to accumulation of GABA in the fourth ventricle (Obata & Takeda, 1964). The cerebellar hrkinje cells utilize GABA as a neurotransmitter at cerebellar subcortical nuclei and degenerative diseases of the cerebellum are associated with decreased CSF GABA levels (Achar et al, 1976;Defeadis, 1975;Kuroda et al, 1982). Thus, it is possible that cerebellar GABA deficiency contributes to the development of tremor in MS, particularly postural tremor which, in contrast to intention tremor, tends to improve with administration of INH (Hallett, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Weak electromagnetic fields attenuate tremor in multiple sclerosis

Sandyk

Dann

1994

International Journal of Neuroscience

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It has been estimated that about 75% of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) have tremor which can be exceedingly disabling. The most common tremor observed in patients with MS is a cerebellar intention tremor ('kinetic tremor') although postural tremor ('static tremor') is also common and often extremely incapacitating. Currently there is no effective medical treatment for the tremor of MS which, in some severe cases, may be abolished by stereotactic thalamotomy. It was reported recently that extracranial application of brief AC pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in the picotesla (pT) range produced improvement in motor and cognitive functions in patients with MS. The present communication concerns three MS patients with a chronic progressive course of the disease (mean age: 39.3 +/- 8.3 years; mean duration of illness: 11.3 +/- 3.2 years) in whom brief external applications of pulsed EMFs of 7.5 pT intensity reduced intention and postural tremors resulting in significant functional improvement. The report suggests that these extremely low intensity EMFs are beneficial also in the treatment of tremors in MS and that this treatment may serve as an alternative method to stereotactic thalamotomy in the management of tremor in MS. The mechanisms by which EMFs attenuate the tremors of MS are complex and are thought to involve augmentation of GABA and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission in the cerebellum and its outflow tracts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Weak electromagnetic fields attenuate tremor in multiple sclerosis

Sandyk

Dann

1994

International Journal of Neuroscience

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“…We previously reported the cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations in patients with various neurological and psychiatric diseases, as measured by radiolabelled receptor assay (4,5). In this study, to evaluate changes in brain γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism with age, the cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations were compared among subjects of various ages, consisting of both normal volunteers and patients without neurological or psychiatric disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T ^ , ^ (4,5). Other studies have also shown low cerebrospiIntroduction , « .« t j r r nal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations in Hun-γ-Aminobutyric acid is thought to be a major inhib-tington's disease (6) and Alzheimer's disease (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Age-Related Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid γ-Aminobutyric Acid Concentration

Takayama¹,

Ogawa²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 1992

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of aging on brain γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism. We measured the cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid concentration in subjects of various ages, including healthy volunteers and patients without neurological or psychiatric disease. The cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid concentration was determined by radiolabelled receptor assay using [ 3 Hty-aminobutyric acid. Cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid was significantly higher in the control group (20s and 30s) than in the groups of subjects in their 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s. There was a significant negative correlation between cerebrospinal γ-aminobutyric acid concentration and age (p < 0.01). These data suggest that dysfunction of brain γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism increases with age, and that the various symptoms caused by abnormal γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism in the brain are therefore more likely to appear in elderly people. T ^ , ^ (4, 5). Other studies have also shown low cerebrospiIntroduction , « .« t j r r nal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations in Hun-γ-Aminobutyric acid is thought to be a major inhib-tington's disease (6) and Alzheimer's disease (7). Cereitory neurotransmitter. Biochemical studies have re-brospinal fluid is believed to be formed in the choroid vealed that the content of γ-aminobutyric acid is much plexus and is in contact with both the brain and the lower than normal in the striatum and substantia spinal cord. Total cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric nigra of autopsied brains from patients with Hunting-acid concentrations are related primarily to brain γ-ton's disease (1), and the association between neuro-aminobutyric acid concentrations and are minimally psychiatric diseases and the brain γ-aminobutyric acid affected by changes in the peripheral γ-aminobutyric system has been studied (2, 3). Radiolabelled receptor acid concentration (8). Changes in cerebrospinal fluid assays can be used to observe changes in neurotrans-γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations may therefore remission. Recently, γ-aminobutyric acid was reliably fleet changes in brain γ-aminobutyric acid metabomeasured in cerebrospinal fluid by a γ-aminobutyric lism. acid radiolabelled receptor assay, and it was shown As the proportion of aged people in the Japanese that this value can be used as an index of the function population increases, their medical problems are reof the brain γ-aminobutyric acid system. We used the ceiving more attention. Among these are neurological γ-aminobutyric acid radiolabelled receptor assay and disorders, including choreatic movement and demenfound abnormally low concentrations of cerebrospi-tia. In the present study, we measured cerebrospinal nal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid in patients with neuro-fluid γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations, using a rapsychiatric diseases, including presenile dementia, diolabelled receptor assay, to determine whether γ-Parkinsorfs disease, Huntingtorfs disease, olivoponto-aminobutyric acid metabolism changes during normal cerebellar atrophy and late...

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“…In cases of CCA, GABA content in the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been found to be markedly reduced [23, 24]. In cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy, a number of neurochemical changes have been shown [25]apart from a tissular [23]and a CSF [24]decrease in GABA content, while in other spinocerebellar atrophies, CSF-GABA levels were not found to have decreased [26]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Ataxia in Cortical Cerebellar Atrophy with the GABAergic Drug Gabapentin

Gazulla

Errea²,

Benavente³

et al. 2004

Eur Neurol

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The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy of the GABAergic drug gabapentin in the treatment of the cerebellar signs caused by cortical cerebellar atrophy (CCA). Ten patients with CCA received gabapentin in single doses of 400 mg in an open-label study; thereafter, daily administration of 900–1,600 mg of gabapentin was continued during at least 4 weeks. An ataxia scale based on clinical findings was used to evaluate the cerebellar signs at baseline and after administration of the drug. A statistically significant improvement of the ataxia scores was found after single doses of 400 mg of gabapentin and after the administration of 900–1,600 mg of this drug during 4 weeks, as compared to the results obtained at baseline. An important clinical amelioration was also evident. Gabapentin has been demonstrated to be capable of improving the cerebellar signs in cases of CCA, after single doses and after continued administration of the drug during 4 weeks. GABAergic enhancement or supplementation could play an important role in the treatment of diseases of the cerebellar cortex associated with a deficit of GABA.

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Cerebrospinal fluid GABA levels in various neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Weak electromagnetic fields attenuate tremor in multiple sclerosis

Weak electromagnetic fields attenuate tremor in multiple sclerosis

Age-Related Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid γ-Aminobutyric Acid Concentration

Treatment of Ataxia in Cortical Cerebellar Atrophy with the GABAergic Drug Gabapentin

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