Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles with Distinct Properties in Autoimmune Encephalitis and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

Li, Yongang; Gu, Jiachen; Mao, Youbing; Wang, Xijia; Li, Zongshan; Xu, Xiaomin; Chen, Huimin; Gui, Yaxing

doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02705-2

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…EVs released from specific cells have been studied for therapeutic purposes, including mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs for regenerative medicine [ 13 ] and SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 14 ], and red blood cell-derived EVs for a drug delivery system [ 15 ]. EV molecular profiling has been investigated in clinically relevant biofluids, e.g., plasma [ 16 ], urine [ 17 ], cerebrospinal fluid [ 18 ], amniotic fluid [ 19 ], and saliva [ 20 ] as candidate biomarkers of disease diagnosis or prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications

Chutipongtanate

Morrow

Newburg

2022

Cells

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The consumption of human milk by a breastfeeding infant is associated with positive health outcomes, including lower risk of diarrheal disease, respiratory disease, otitis media, and in later life, less risk of chronic disease. These benefits may be mediated by antibodies, glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and leukocytes. More recently, human milk extracellular vesicles (hMEVs) have been identified. HMEVs contain functional cargos, i.e., miRNAs and proteins, that may transmit information from the mother to promote infant growth and development. Maternal health conditions can influence hMEV composition. This review summarizes hMEV biogenesis and functional contents, reviews the functional evidence of hMEVs in the maternal–infant health relationship, and discusses challenges and opportunities in hMEV research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications

Chutipongtanate

Morrow

Newburg

2022

Cells

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“…The size profile and number concentration of CSF EV subtypes and/or particles may relate to disease states. A relatively consistent finding reported across studies and species is a change in the median CSF EV and/or particle size and concentration with aging by NTA (Tietje et al., 2014), and with diseases including PD by NTA and bead‐based FC (Vacchi et al., 2021), multiple sclerosis by FC (Pieragostino et al., 2018; Verderio et al., 2012), Niemann‐Picks disease by SP‐IRIS (Van Hoecke et al., 2021), herpes simplex encephalitis by NTA (Li et al., 2022), post‐traumatic brain injury by NTA (Kuharić et al., 2019; Manek et al., 2018) and AD by NTA and SP‐IRIS (Vandendriessche et al., 2021). Single‐particle analysis of CSF EVs has been performed with both fractionated and unfractionated CSF (for individual references see Table S2).…”

Section: Csf Ev Size and Number Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many single site studies have used CSF EVs to identify candidate biomarkers for diseases, including autoimmune encephalitis (Li et al., 2022), Huntington's disease (Sanchez et al., 2021), meningeal carcinomatosis (Cheng et al., 2021) and multiple sclerosis (Pieragostino et al., 2018). One study showed that the transfer of genetic material from CSF microparticles to adult neuronal stem cells in vitro resulted in a subsequent miRNA‐specific repression of distinct genes (Patz et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for reproducibility of cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicle studies

Sandau,

Magaña,

Costa

et al. 2023

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, transparent fluid derived from blood plasma that protects the brain and spinal cord against mechanical shock, provides buoyancy, clears metabolic waste and transports extracellular components to remote sites in the brain. Given its contact with the brain and the spinal cord, CSF is the most informative biofluid for studies of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to other components, CSF contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry bioactive cargoes (e.g., lipids, nucleic acids, proteins), and that can have biological functions within and beyond the CNS. Thus, CSF EVs likely serve as both mediators of and contributors to communication in the CNS. Accordingly, their potential as biomarkers for CNS diseases has stimulated much excitement for and attention to CSF EV research. However, studies on CSF EVs present unique challenges relative to EV studies in other biofluids, including the invasive nature of CSF collection, limited CSF volumes and the low numbers of EVs in CSF as compared to plasma. Here, the objectives of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles CSF Task Force are to promote the reproducibility of CSF EV studies by providing current reporting and best practices, and recommendations and reporting guidelines, for CSF EV studies. To accomplish this, we created and distributed a world‐wide survey to ISEV members to assess methods considered ‘best practices’ for CSF EVs, then performed a detailed literature review for CSF EV publications that was used to curate methods and resources. Based on responses to the survey and curated information from publications, the CSF Task Force herein provides recommendations and reporting guidelines to promote the reproducibility of CSF EV studies in seven domains: (i) CSF Collection, Processing, and Storage; (ii) CSF EV Separation/Concentration; (iii) CSF EV Size and Number Measurements; (iv) CSF EV Protein Studies; (v) CSF EV RNA Studies; (vi) CSF EV Omics Studies and (vii) CSF EV Functional Studies.

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“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from almost all cell types ( 1 ), and widely distributed in various body fluids, such as urine ( 2 ), blood ( 3 ), milk ( 4 ), saliva ( 5 ), cerebrospinal fluid ( 6 ), amniotic fluid ( 7 ) and semen ( 8 ), can transmit information between cells and participate in many physiological and pathological processes. It is known that the extraction and isolation of exosomes from different body fluids are mainly achieved by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, sedimentation, density gradient centrifugation, immune-capture, precipitation and commercial reagents( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current perspectives on clinical use of exosomes as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis

Chen

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Exosomes are a heterogeneous subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that biogenesis from endosomes. Besides, exosomes contain a variety of molecular cargoes including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which play a key role in the mechanism of exosome formation. Meanwhile, exosomes are involved with physiological and pathological conditions. The molecular profile of exosomes reflects the type and pathophysiological status of the originating cells so could potentially be exploited for diagnostic of cancer. This review aims to describe important molecular cargoes involved in exosome biogenesis. In addition, we highlight exogenous factors, especially autophagy, hypoxia and pharmacology, that regulate the release of exosomes and their corresponding cargoes. Particularly, we also emphasize exosome molecular cargoes as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy for diagnosis of cancer.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles with Distinct Properties in Autoimmune Encephalitis and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications

Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications

Recommendations for reproducibility of cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicle studies

Current perspectives on clinical use of exosomes as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis

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