Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in Chiari malformation associated with syringomyelia

Changes in CSF flow after one-stage posterior vertebral column resection in scoliosis patients with syringomyelia and Chiari malformation Type I

“…These could have influenced the space resolution and signal-to-noise ratio and made the imaging findings inconsistent. The present study revealed that the measurement of CSF flow velocity at the craniocervical junction in the control group was close to the results of Ünal et al 23 (single directional peak flow velocity 4.70 ± 1.61 cm/sec) and by Liu et al 12 (peak flow velocities 2.45 ± 0.67 cm/sec and 1.79 ± 1.15 cm/sec), who used the same type of MRI scanner as was used in this study.…”

Foramen Magnum Ontogeny inHomo sapiens: A Functional Matrix Perspective

“…The hydrodynamics of cranial fluid flow are such that, in normal individuals, CSF undergoes a change in pressure with a change in posture and a bidirectional shift in fluid flow in relation to cardiac phase (Milhorat, 1972; Magnaes, 1976; Brühl et al, 2001; Alperin et al, 2005; Liu et al, 2007). Elevation of the head decreases ICP by displacing CSF into the lumbar subarachnoid space and by improving the drainage of cerebral venous blood (Poca et al, 2006).…”

“…In achondroplastics, the deficit in FM growth is apparent at birth, and the rate of increase in FM size is significantly reduced throughout the early postnatal period (Marin‐Padilla and Marin‐Padilla, 1977; Hecht et al, 1985, 1989), that is, the time of most rapid FM growth. Both the reduced FM size and modified shape act to restrict CSF flow through the FM, which in turn impacts intracranial blood flow (Brühl et al, 2001; Liu et al, 2007). The problem of reduced intracranial blood flow is made worse by the reduced jugular foramen size also associated with achondroplasia.…”

“…Because the two FM matrices share a single cranial space (foramen), the presence during ontogeny of malformed elements of these matrices can result in a range of undesirable downstream neurovascular and neuromotor defects (List, 1941; Marin‐Padilla and Marin‐Padilla, 1977; Hecht et al, 1985, 1989; Ishikawa et al, 1988; Reich et al, 1993; Prescher, 1997; Rhoton, 2000; Reynolds et al, 2001; Alperin et al, 2005; Quebada and Duhaime, 2005; Poca et al, 2006; Wagshul et al, 2006; Liu et al, 2007). We suggest that this situation results in strong selection on FM matrices, such that it constrains their size, their shape, and the relationship between these variables.…”

An efficacy analysis of posterior fossa decompression techniques in the treatment of Chiari malformation with associated syringomyelia

“…PFD with dural reconstruction can expand the posterior fossa volume, thereby restoring normal cranial-spinal CSF circulation. 15 For this reason, PFD has historically been the primary surgical technique for treating SM. 16 The CSF circulation can be damaged by obstruction of the cisterna magna as well as by closure, or adhesion, of the median aperture of the fourth ventricle caused by herniated cerebellar tonsils.…”