Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Electroshock Treatment of Psychoses

Spiegel-Adolf, M.; Wilcox, P. H.; Spiegel, E. A.

doi:10.1176/ajp.104.11.697

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These investigations compared sine wave and pulse stimuli with respect to scalp-to-brain impedance, with both indicating that a lower impedance (and therefore higher transmission of stimulus current) occurs with pulse stimuli. Biochemical differences as a function of stimulus waveform have been examined by Spiegel-Adolf and his colleagues (Spiegel-Adolf, Umlauf & Szekely 1953;Spiegel-Adolf, Wilcox & Spiegel 1948). They compared the effects of sine wave and pulse stimuli in dogs and found a reversible rise in nucleic acid or constituents with the former.…”

Section: Ect Parameters and The Incidence And Severity Of Adverse Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does electroconvulsive therapy cause brain damage?

Weiner

1984

Behav Brain Sci

112

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Although the use of ECT has declined dramatically from its inception, this decrease has recently shown signs of leveling out because of ECT's powerful therapeutic effect in severely ill depressed individuals who either do not respond to pharmacologic alternatives or are too ill to tolerate a relatively lengthy drug trial. Notwithstanding its therapeutic benefits, ECT has also remained a controversial treatment modality, particularly in the eye of the public. Given the unsavory qualities associated with the word “electroconvulsive,” claims of possible, probable, or even certain brain damage with ECT have easily found listeners. A careful, nonselective assessment of data covering the areas of pathology, radiology, electrophysiology, biochemistry, and neuropsychology leads both to certain conclusions and to certain unanswered questions. ECT is not the devastating purveyor of wholesale brain damage that some of its detractors claim. For the typical individual receiving ECT, no detectable correlates of irreversible brain damage appear to occur. Still, there remains the possibility that either subtle, objectively undetectable persistent deficits, particularly in the area of autobiographic memory function, occur, or that a rarely occurring syndrome of more pervasive persistent deficits related to ECT use may be present. Clearly, more research directed toward answering these questions needs to be carried out so that the role of ECT can be more rigorously defined. While such research is pending, however, we cannot expect that the conditions that predispose to clinical referrals for ECT will disappear. Given the misery, anguish, and risk of death by suicide, starvation, or debilitation associated with severe depressive illness, for example, it still appears that ECT, at least for the present, must continue to be available.

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Section: Ect Parameters and The Incidence And Severity Of Adverse Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does electroconvulsive therapy cause brain damage?

Weiner

1984

Behav Brain Sci

112

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“…Cerebrospinal Fluid: Spiegel-Adolf, Wilcos, and Spiegel (464) found in human E C T an increase in spinal fluid nucleic acids and their constituents and the related enzymes, namely nucleases and deaminases.…”

Section: I ~U E ~F O R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric convulsive treatment and its modifications.

Hoch¹,

Pennes²

1958

Schizophrenia: A Review of the Syndrome.

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“…However, the results of lipase determ ination in the CSF are no t very satisfactory. N ot only from a review of the older lite ratu re (K a fk a [2]), the w ork of K aplan et al [3], and a recent survey of the enzymes of the CSF including the lipases [6], b u t also from previous studies of one of us in various psychiatric conditions before and after electroshock [7], it is apparent th a t one deals w ith very small am ounts in the CSF and th a t there is a wide spread of the lipase values in this fluid. The necessity of im proving th e technique of lipase determ inations becam e the more obvious, since we frequently found, despite careful observation of the directions given b y K aplan et al, th a t paradoxically negative values were obtained.…”

Section: By M Spie G E L -A D O L F H B a Ir D I I I And D Kolmentioning

confidence: 99%