Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases with Central Nervous System Involvement

Abstract

Background: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is established on criteria according to clinical and radiological manifestation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is an important part of differential diagnosis of MS and other inflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Methods: In total, 242 CSF samples were collected from patients undergoing differential MS diagnosis because of the presence of T2-hyperintensive lesions on brain MRI. The non-MS patients were subdivided into systemic inflammatory diseases with CNS involvement (SID) or cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) or other non-inflammatory diseases (NID). All samples were analyzed for the presence of oligoclonal bands and ELISA was performed for detection of: INF gamma, IL-6, neurofilaments light chain (NF-L), GFAP, CHI3L1, CXCL13, and osteopontin. Results: The level of IL-6 (p = 0.024), osteopontin (p = 0.0002), and NF-L (p = 0.002) was significantly different among groups. IL-6 (p = 0.0350) and NF-L (p = 0.0015) level was significantly higher in SID compared to NID patients. A significantly higher level of osteopontin (p = 0.00026) and NF-L (p = 0.002) in MS compared to NID population was noted. ROC analysis found weak diagnostic power for osteopontin and NFL-L. Conclusions: The classical and non-standard markers of inflammatory process and neurodegeneration do not allow for sufficient differentiation between MS and non-MS inflammatory CNS disorders. Weak diagnostic power observed for the osteopontin and NF-L needs to be further investigated.

Characteristics of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Systematic Review

“…These comorbid conditions add to the ASD burden, often resulting in poorer quality of life. The molecular properties of CSF change during inflammation and disease of the CNS (Świderek-Matysiak et al, 2023). In a neuro-inflammatory study (Lepennetier et al, 2019), the CSF and serum of 75 subjects was tested for 36 cytokines (CCL1–3, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL19, CCL20, CCL22–27, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL11–13, CXCL16, CX3CL1, IL-2, IL4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-16, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MIF, TNFα, and MIB1β).…”

“…These comorbid conditions add to the ASD burden, often resulting in poorer quality of life. The molecular properties of CSF change during inflammation and disease of the CNS (Świderek-Matysiak et al, 2023).…”

The Role of Chitinase-3-like Protein-1 (YKL40) in the Therapy of Cancer and Other Chronic-Inflammation-Related Diseases

“…Elevated levels of CHI3L1 (YKL40) have been observed in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of multiple sclerosis patients, particularly during active disease phases [ 69 , 80 ]. Several preclinical studies have investigated the effects of CHI3L1 (YKL40) in experimental models of multiple sclerosis, such as animal models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which mimic certain aspects of human multiple sclerosis [ 81 , 82 ].…”

Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Novel Blood-Based Biomarkers In Multiple Sclerosis Samples

“…[4] While researchers have vastly explored data from cerebrospinal fluid to saliva and serum samples, the potential for blood-based biomarkers is especially attractive. [5] To the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of accurate blood-based biomarkers for MS diagnoses, especially in the early stages of disease. Identification of novel blood-based biomarkers could allow for the development of novel therapeutics to combat MS, in addition to providing for a better diagnostic opportunity.…”