Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Clinical Overview

Stack, Christopher; Cole, John W.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.79049

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Despite its rarity, this pathology remains a medical emergency, fast detection and treatment being essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition [4]. From a clinical point of view, CVT can manifest itself in various clinical pictures, the main signs and symptoms being headache (possibly accompanied by other manifestations suggestive of intracranial hypertension syndrome), seizures, focal neurological deficit, altered consciousness to encephalopathy and coma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis – A Narrative Review

Schreiner

2021

EJMED

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Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), although accounting for only 0.5-1% of all strokes, remains a potentially fatal neurological emergency, which must be promptly diagnosed and treated. Consisting of two parts, this review aims to highlight the most important data from recent years regarding diagnosis and treatment of CVT, illustrating both the current modern therapeutic approach and the future research directions in the field. Regarding the clinical diagnosis, the neurologist may sometimes have difficulties in recognizing this pathology, given the diverse clinical picture of the acute stage of CVT that can mimic various neurological disorders. In addition, although most risk factors (procoagulation status, infections, trauma, systemic diseases) are known and can be easily detected, in a significant percentage of cases the etiology remains uncertain. For paraclinical diagnosis, among the imaging investigations essential to support the diagnosis, CT angiography and MRI venography are reliable alternatives to digital subtraction angiography which represent the gold standard nowadays. In terms of treatment, international guidelines provide general directions for anticoagulation, with low molecular weight heparin being highly recommended. Regarding invasive treatment methods (thrombolysis, thrombectomy) that could be used in severe cases where anticoagulation has been shown to be insufficient, as well as symptomatic therapy, the evidence is often insufficient, new randomized clinical trials with large cohorts of patients being required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis – A Narrative Review

Schreiner

2021

EJMED

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“…The super cial cortical venous system (SCVS) is a complex system consisting of dural venous sinuses and cortical veins 1 . Cortical veins are large subarachnoid venous collectors that receive venous drainage from a network of subpial veins, which lie beneath the arterial circulation of the cerebral cortex, and drains the super cial surface of the cerebrum 2,3,4,5 . These cortical veins are divided into three collecting groups and are linked via anastomotic veins (AV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Configurations of Dominant Anastomotic Veins of the Superficial Cortical Venous System

Naidoo¹,

Harrichandparsad²,

Lazarus³

2021

Preprint

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Understanding the anatomy of the anastomotic veins (AV) of the superficial cortical venous system (SCVS), viz. superficial Sylvian vein (SSV) - also known as the superficial middle cerebral vein; vein of Labbe (VL) and vein of Trolard (VT), are imperative for neurosurgical procedures. This study aimed to investigate variant anatomical patterns of dominance of the AV, to elucidate the haemodynamically balanced SCVS, by reporting variations between the presence, diameter and dominant patterns of the AV. Two hundred lateral angiograms were included, depicting left and right cerebral hemispheres of the same patient (n = 100 patients). Angiograms were analysed and variations recorded. Results were statistically compared against laterality, age, sex and ethnicity. Presence of the VL had the highest occurrence (96.5%), whereas the SSV and VT had an occurrence of 75.5% and 64.5%, respectively. This study reports presence of double veins of the AV: SSV (12.0%), VL (22.0%) and VT (19.5%). Furthermore, presence of a triple vein for each AV is reported. Diameters for the SSV, VL and VT were 1.99 ± 0.500mm, 2.18 ± 0.579mm and 2.14 ± 0.472mm, respectively. Statistically significant relationships were established between diameters and the SSV, VL, VT and VT2 (double VT). Seven types of dominant patterns were recorded: Equilibrium; singular dominance of SSV, VL and VT; co-dominance of SSV/VL, SSV/VT and VL/VT. The Equilibrium dominant pattern of drainage had the highest occurrence (54.5%). Patterns of dominance of these AV can aid the neurosurgeon in curbing the risk of iatrogenic injury and postoperative infarcts even after an otherwise successful surgery.

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Hemorrheologic Disease

Kang¹

2020

Stroke Revisited: Pathophysiology of Stroke

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Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Clinical Overview

Cited by 4 publications

References 105 publications

New Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis – A Narrative Review

New Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis – A Narrative Review

Anatomical Configurations of Dominant Anastomotic Veins of the Superficial Cortical Venous System

Hemorrheologic Disease

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