Cerebral palsy in children: An overview

Agarwal, Anil; Verma, Indreshwar

doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2012.09.001

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Currently, CP is recognized as being the most common cause of serious permanent physical disability in childhood, although the prospect of survival in children with severe disability has increased in recent years. Cerebral palsy is associated with sensory deficits, cognitive deficits, communication and motor disabilities, behavioral problems, seizure disorders, pain and secondary musculoskeletal problems, with spastic paresis being one of the most common forms of presentation [5,6], affecting the magnitude of movement and motor control [7,8], including the craniocervical region. Thus, head movement alterations can impair temporomandibular joint functions [9], and increase the risk of falls [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Measurement Unit for the Assessment of Craniocervical Range of Motion in Subjects with Cerebral Palsy

et al. 2020

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Objective: This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for the assessment of craniocervical range of motion (ROM) in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: twenty-three subjects with CP and 23 controls, aged between 4 and 14 years, were evaluated on two occasions, separated by 3 to 5 days. An IMU and a Cervical Range of Motion device (CROM) were used to assess craniocervical ROM in the three spatial planes. Validity was assessed by comparing IMU and CROM data using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the paired t-test and Bland–Altman plots. Intra-day and inter-day relative reliability were determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and the Minimum Detectable Change at a 90% confidence level (MDC90) were obtained for absolute reliability. Results: High correlations were detected between methods in both groups on the sagittal and frontal planes (r > 0.9), although this was reduced in the case of the transverse plane. Bland–Altman plots indicated bias below 5º, although for the range of cervical rotation in the CP group, this was 8.2º. The distance between the limits of agreement was over 23.5º in both groups, except for the range of flexion-extension in the control group. ICCs were higher than 0.8 for both comparisons and groups, except for inter-day comparisons of rotational range in the CP group. Absolute reliability showed high variability, with most SEM below 8.5º, although with worse inter-day results, mainly in CP subjects, with the MDC90 of rotational range achieving more than 20º. Conclusions: IMU application is highly correlated with CROM for the assessment of craniocervical movement in CP and healthy subjects; however, both methods are not interchangeable. The IMU error of measurement can be considered clinically acceptable; however, caution should be taken when this is used as a reference measure for interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Measurement Unit for the Assessment of Craniocervical Range of Motion in Subjects with Cerebral Palsy

et al. 2020

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“…The pathophysiology of CP is not fully understood, but might be related to events that occur during neural development triggered by pre‐, peri‐ or postnatal factors . The main prenatal factor in the aetiology of CP is infections .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphofunctional characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats with cerebral palsy

Buratti

Covatti

Centenaro

et al. 2019

Int J Experimental Path

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Summary Knowledge of skeletal muscle adaptations is important to understand the functional deficits in cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to investigate the morphofunctional characteristics of skeletal muscle in a CP animal model. Initially, pregnant Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline or lipopolysaccharide over the last five days of pregnancy. The control group (n = 8) consisted of male pups born to females injected with saline. The CP group (n = 8) consisted of male pups born to females injected with lipopolysaccharide, which were submitted to perinatal anoxia [day of birth, postnatal day 0 (P0)] and sensorimotor restriction (P1‐P30). The open‐field test was undertaken on P29 and P45. On P48, the animals were weighed, and the plantaris muscle was collected and its weight and length were measured. Transverse sections were stained with haematoxylin‐eosin, NADH‐TR, Masson's trichrome and non‐specific esterase reaction for analysis. and transmission electron microscopy was performed. In the CP group, reductions were observed in mobility time, number of crossings and rearing frequency, body weight, muscle weight and length, and nucleus‐to‐fibre and capillary‐to‐fibre ratios. There was a statistically significant increase in the percentage area of the muscle section occupied by collagen; reduction in the area and increase in the number of type I muscle fibres; increase in myofibrillar disorganization and Z‐line disorganization and dissolution; and reduction in the area and largest and smallest diameters of neuromuscular junctions. Thus this animal model of CP produced morphofunctional alterations in skeletal muscle, that were associated with evidence of motor deficits as demonstrated by the open‐field test.

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“…Socio-demographic details revealed that 70.8% of the total sample included were males and 29.2% were females. Researches show that the occurrence of cerebral palsy is greater in males compared to females with a ratio of 1.33:1 [11] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Pelvic Alignment and Trunk Control in Children with Spastic Diplegia - A Cross-Sectional Study

Oommen¹,

Ps²,

Ku³

2019

IJCRR

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Aim: To evaluate the correlation between pelvic alignment and trunk control in children with spastic diplegia of the age group 8-15 years. Methods/Design: The study used a cross-sectional research design. 24 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were included in the study. Pelvic asymmetry of each child was measured using palpation meter device (PALM) and trunk control using a trunk control measurement scale (TCMS) on the same day with 5 minutes break in between. Results: The results show that there is a negative correlation between pelvic asymmetry and trunk control. The p-value is <0.001 which shows that the study is significant. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a negative correlation between pelvic asymmetry and trunk control in children with spastic diplegia.

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Cerebral palsy in children: An overview

Abstract: Children Management a b s t r a c tA review article giving a brief synopsis of etiology, classification, diagnosis and management of cerebral in children.

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Measurement Unit for the Assessment of Craniocervical Range of Motion in Subjects with Cerebral Palsy

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Measurement Unit for the Assessment of Craniocervical Range of Motion in Subjects with Cerebral Palsy

Morphofunctional characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats with cerebral palsy

Correlation between Pelvic Alignment and Trunk Control in Children with Spastic Diplegia - A Cross-Sectional Study

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