Cerebral malaria

Postels, Douglas G.; Birbeck, Gretchen L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53490-3.00006-6

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…It is almost always associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection. Risk factors include young age, pregnancy, HIV seropositivity and splenectomy 11. In adults, cerebral malaria is more common in non-immune individuals than those living in endemic areas 11.…”

Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors include young age, pregnancy, HIV seropositivity and splenectomy 11. In adults, cerebral malaria is more common in non-immune individuals than those living in endemic areas 11. Cerebral malaria should be suspected in travellers returning from endemic regions who present with unexplained fever, even if they have been taking antimalarial prophylaxis.…”

Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are often signs of brainstem dysfunction. Retinal changes are very common in children and include macular and extramacular whitening, as well as orange or white discolouration of blood vessels representing areas of parasite sequestration 11. Retinal haemorrhages are also very common in children and occur in 15% of adults 11.…”

Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical spectrum of phenotypes associated with known antibodies continues to expand, and new antibodies are discovered. In addition, we increasingly recognise that there are well-described clinical phenotypes in patients in whom antibodies have not yet been identified 11. In general, clinicians should suspect autoimmune encephalitis in patients presenting with subacute progressive encephalopathy and prominent new-onset psychiatric symptoms 13.…”

Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious encephalitis: mimics and chameleons

Toledano

Davies

2019

Pract Neurol

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Click here to listen to the Podcast ‘Query encephalitis’ is a common neurological consultation in hospitalised patients. Identifying the syndrome is only part of the puzzle. Although historically encephalitis has been almost synonymous with infection, we increasingly recognise parainfectious or postinfectious as well as other immune-mediated causes. We must also distinguish encephalitis from other causes of encephalopathy, including systemic infection, metabolic derangements, toxins, inherited metabolic disorders, hypoxia, trauma and vasculopathies. Here, we review the most important differential diagnoses (mimics) of patients presenting with an encephalitic syndrome and highlight some unusual presentations (chameleons) of infectious encephalitis.

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Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurological Conditions That Mimic Infectious Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Infectious encephalitis: mimics and chameleons

Toledano

Davies

2019

Pract Neurol

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“…The main cause of coma is not known, and besides obstruction, a range of other mechanisms have been postulated, as reviewed by Idro et al and Postels et al (Idro et al, 2005; Postels and Birbeck, 2013). In pediatric CM, sequestration of iRBC is mostly (but not always) associated with microvascular pathology as demonstrated by endothelial damage and perivascular ring hemorrhages (Dorovini-Zis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of CMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of cerebral malariaâ€”inflammation and cytoadherence

Storm

Craig

2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

144

138

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Despite decades of research on cerebral malaria (CM) there is still a paucity of knowledge about what actual causes CM and why certain people develop it. Although sequestration of P. falciparum infected red blood cells has been linked to pathology, it is still not clear if this is directly or solely responsible for this clinical syndrome. Recent data have suggested that a combination of parasite variant types, mainly defined by the variant surface antigen, P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), its receptors, coagulation and host endothelial cell activation (or inflammation) are equally important. This makes CM a multi-factorial disease and a challenge to unravel its causes to decrease its detrimental impact.

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Cerebral Malaria and Neuronal Implications of Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: From Mechanisms to Advanced Models

2022

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Reorganization of host red blood cells by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum enables their sequestration via attachment to the microvasculature. This artificially increases the dwelling time of the infected red blood cells within inner organs such as the brain, which can lead to cerebral malaria. Cerebral malaria is the deadliest complication patients infected with P. falciparum can experience and still remains a major public health concern despite effective antimalarial therapies. Here, the current understanding of the effect of P. falciparum cytoadherence and their secreted proteins on structural features of the human blood-brain barrier and their involvement in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria are highlighted. Advanced 2D and 3D in vitro models are further assessed to study this devastating interaction between parasite and host. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal and cognitive deficits in cerebral malaria will be pivotal in devising new strategies to treat and prevent blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subsequent neurological damage in patients with cerebral malaria. MalariaMalaria is an ancient mosquito-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. According to the latest World Malaria Report published by the World Health

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Cerebral malaria

Cited by 51 publications

References 74 publications

Infectious encephalitis: mimics and chameleons

Infectious encephalitis: mimics and chameleons

Pathogenesis of cerebral malariaâ€”inflammation and cytoadherence

Cerebral Malaria and Neuronal Implications of Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: From Mechanisms to Advanced Models

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