Cerebral Hemodynamics and Metabolism in Severe Diffuse Brain Injury in Chronic Stage: Positron Emission Tomography

Yamaki, Takashi; Fujimoto, Masahito; Ohmori, Yasuhiro; Imahori, Yoshio; Yoshino, Eiji; Ebisu, Toshihiko; Ueda, Satoshi

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-68231-8_45

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For these reasons, cerebral perfusion has long been a target for imaging interrogation. Numerous techniques have been employed in the literature including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 151-154 , positron emission tomography (PET) 155 , Xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) 156 , perfusion CT (CTP) 157 , and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) 158 , and as mentioned above, arterial spin-labelling (ASL) 159, 160 perfusion MR. Each of these techniques have relative advantages and disadvantages. SPECT and DSC perfusion studies only allow qualitative comparison between regions of the brain 37 , while 15 O 2 PET, Xe-CT, CTP and ASL are quantitatively accurate.…”

Section: Role Of Advanced Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Evaluation of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Mutch

Talbott

Gean

2016

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

111

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SYNOPSIS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation, diagnosis, and triage of patients with TBI. Recent studies suggest that it will also help predict patient outcomes. TBI consists of multiple pathoanatomical entities. Here we review the current state of TBI imaging including its indications, benefits and limitations of the modalities, imaging protocols, and imaging findings for each these pathoanatomic entities. We also briefly survey advanced imaging techniques, which include a number of promising areas of TBI research.

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Section: Role Of Advanced Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Evaluation of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Mutch

Talbott

Gean

2016

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

111

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“…[36][37][38][39] However, in patients with traumatic diffuse axonal injury both hyperglycolysis and metabolic depression have been reported. [40][41][42][43] In patients who recover from a postanoxic coma, cerebral metabolic rates for glucose are 75% of normal values. 44 Cerebral metabolism has been shown to correlate poorly with the level of consciousness, as measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale, in mild to severely head-injured patients studied within the first month following head trauma.…”

Section: Comamentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders

Laureys

Owen

Schiff

2004

The Lancet Neurology

876

562

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We review the nosological criteria and functional neuroanatomical basis for brain death, coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state and the locked-in state. Functional neuroimaging is providing new insights into cerebral activity in patients with severe brain damage. Measurements of cerebral metabolism and brain activations in response to sensory stimuli using positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electrophysiological methods have significant potential to provide unique windows on to the presence, degree and location of any residual brain function. However, use of these techniques in severely brain-damaged persons is methodologically complex and requires careful quantitative analysis and interpretation. In addition, ethical frameworks to guide research in these patient populations must be further developed. At present, nosological distinctions confirmed by clinical examinations remain the standard for accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Neuroimaging techniques, while extremely promising, remain important tools for clinical research that should ultimately extend our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these disorders.3

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“…Functional brain imaging techniques can be used to study changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cerebral metabolism as a result of TBI. In the acute phase, these techniques are important for the study of disturbances in cerebral circulation (ischemia or hyperemia) (Overgaard and Tweed, 1974;Langfitt et al, 1977;Obrist et al, 1979;Sakas et al, 1995) or metabolism (Yamaki et al, 1996;Bergsneider et al, 1997) that may occur as secondary TBI effects. Functional neuroimaging studies of brain-behavior relationships must await the resolution of these abnormalities for measures of CBF and metabolism to resume their expected coupling with each other and their assumed relationship with neuronal activity.…”

Section: Functional Neuroimaging In Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury Neuropathology with Structural and Functional Neuroimaging

Levine

Fujiwara

O’Connor

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Quantitative neuroimaging is increasingly used to study the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on brain structure and function. This paper reviews quantitative structural and functional neuroimaging studies of patients with TBI, with an emphasis on the effects of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), the primary neuropathology in TBI. Quantitative structural neuroimaging has evolved from simple planometric measurements through targeted region-of-interest analyses to whole-brain analysis of quantified tissue compartments. Recent studies converge to indicate widespread volume loss of both gray and white matter in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. These changes can be documented even when patients with focal lesions are excluded. Broadly speaking, performance on standard neuropsychological tests of speeded information processing are related to these changes, but demonstration of specific brain-behavior relationships requires more refined experimental behavioral measures. The functional consequences of these structural changes can be imaged with activation functional neuroimaging. Although this line of research is at an early stage, results indicate that TBI causes a more widely dispersed activation in frontal and posterior cortices. Further progress in analysis of the consequences of TBI on neural structure and function will require control of variability in neuropathology and behavior.

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Cerebral Hemodynamics and Metabolism in Severe Diffuse Brain Injury in Chronic Stage: Positron Emission Tomography

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Imaging Evaluation of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Imaging Evaluation of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders

In Vivo Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury Neuropathology with Structural and Functional Neuroimaging

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