Cerebral Dysfunction in Repetitively Assaultive Adolescents

Krynicki, Victor

doi:10.1097/00005053-197801000-00009

Cited by 80 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Violent moral rule breakers are more neuropsychologically similar to neurologically impaired controls than to non-violent moral rule breakers in EEG abnormalities, perseveration and deficits in working memory (Krynicki 1978;Spellacy 1977).…”

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confidence: 90%

The Role of Self-Control in Crime Causation

Wikström¹,

Treiber

2007

European Journal of Criminology

232

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In this paper we present an alternative conception of self-control and its role in crime causation to the one advanced by Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) in their influential General Theory of Crime. Our conception is based on the theoretical framework outlined in the situational action theory of crime causation (e.g. Wikström 2006a). We propose that self-control is best analysed as a situational concept (a factor in the process of choice) rather than as an individual trait. We suggest that the core individual trait influencing an individual's ability to exercise self-control is executive capability. We maintain that there are also important environmental influences on an individual's ability to exercise self-control. We submit that the ability to exercise self-control is a relevant factor in crime causation only in situations where an individual considers (deliberates) whether or not to engage in an act of crime. We argue that for most people (in most circumstances) whether or not they engage in acts of crime is not a question of their ability to exercise self-control but rather a question of their morality. In short, this paper aims to clarify the concepts of ‘executive capability’, ‘self-control’ and ‘crime’, and to specify their relationships and role in the explanation of crime.

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confidence: 90%

The Role of Self-Control in Crime Causation

Wikström¹,

Treiber

2007

European Journal of Criminology

232

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“…Findings characterizing the delinquents in this group of studies included motoric impulsiveness; less established hand dominance; poorer verbal memory; poorer cognitive, language, and psychomotor functioning; attention and concentration difficulties; affective lability; difficulty in discursive and abstract thinking; and temporal sequencing problems [Fitzhugh, 1973;Krynicki, 1978;Spellacy, 1977, 19781. References to regional localization of dysfunction have included left frontal or frontotemporal [Krynicki, 1978;Yeudall et al, 19821 or "temporal-like'' [Brickman et al, 19841 localization. While hardly a homogeneous cluster of findings, these results do suggest something "left-anterior'' about the possible locus of the cerebral dysfunction of many of these subjects, although certainly much clarification of this issue is called for.…”

Section: Specific Neuropsychological Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychology of the aggressive psychopath: An integrative review

Miller

1987

Aggr. Behav.

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Neuropsychological studies of aggressive psychopaths have revealed characteristic deficits in skills that require verbal mediation, conceptual integration, and the abilities to anticipate consequences of actions and to use feedback from behavior to modify maladaptive response patterns. Formulations of this impairment pattern in terms of frontal lobe and left hemisphere dysfunction are reviewed. It is proposed that the aggressive psychopath suffers from an inability to form a self‐referential conceptual classification system for behavioral control and that this predisposes to behavioral disinhibition in situations of stress and interpersonal ambiguity. Finally, implications of neuropsychological studies of aggressive psychopathy for the study of personality and psychopathology are discussed.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that delinquents are impaired on executive tasks related to frontal lobe functioning [Berman and Siegal, 1976;Brickman et al, 1984;Hurwitz et al, 1972;Karniski et al, 1982;Krynicki, 1978;Pontius and Ruttiger, 1976;Skoff and Libon, 1987;Wolff et al, 1982; for reviews, see Giancola, 1995;Moffitt, 1990Moffitt, , 1993. The prefrontal region of the brain seems to play a particularly critical role in governing the executive functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral inhibition deficits in juvenile psychopaths

Roussy

Toupin

2000

Aggr. Behav.

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Although many studies have shown that delinquents are impaired on certain executive function tasks related to frontal lobe functioning, whether psychopaths present with such impairments is still controversial. Lapierre et al. [1995. Neuropsychologia 33:139–151] have investigated a more specific hypothesis of orbitofrontal deficits in psychopaths and found that psychopathic criminals are impaired on tasks involving behavioral inhibition and olfactory discrimination. The present study sought to replicate these results with juvenile psychopaths 14 to 18 years of age. As expected, psychopaths were found to be significantly impaired on behavioral inhibition tasks. However, psychopathic and nonpsychopathic inmates performed similarly on measures related to the dorsolateral area of the frontal lobe. Also, no significant intergroup difference was noted on the olfactory discrimination task. Although an orbitofrontal deficit in psychopathy remains possible, it is suggested to explain results through a functional inhibition deficit that is not specifically related to orbitofrontal processing. Aggr. Behav. 26:413–424, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Cerebral Dysfunction in Repetitively Assaultive Adolescents

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Self-Control in Crime Causation

The Role of Self-Control in Crime Causation

Neuropsychology of the aggressive psychopath: An integrative review

Behavioral inhibition deficits in juvenile psychopaths

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