Cerebral Demyelination Associated With Disorders of the Reticuloendothelial System

Cavanagh, John; Greenbaum, David S.; Marshall, A. H. E.; Rubinstein, Lucien J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(59)91774-x

Cited by 129 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The loss of these cells results in a patchy and subsequently confluent demyelination of the CNS referred to as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy [28,122].…”

Section: Pmlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human polyomaviruses

Eash

Manley

Gasparovic

et al. 2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

101

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The Polyomavirus family includes two members, BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV), that naturally infect humans. These viruses are widely distributed among the population worldwide. Primary infection occurs in early childhood and remains for life clinically unapparent in immunocompetent individuals. In the context of severe immunosuppression and other predisposing factors BKV and JCV may reactivate and cause serious illnesses known as Polyomavirus-induced nephropathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, respectively. Here we briefly examine the biological and physical characteristics and the lifecycle, namely receptor(s) interaction, mode of entry, intracellular trafficking, viral transcription and replication, and progeny assembly of these two human Polyomaviruses. We also provide an overview of the clinical manifestation of Polyomavirus-induced disorders in affected individuals and discuss the potential involvement of BKV and JCV in human cancer.

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“…The loss of these cells results in a patchy and subsequently confluent demyelination of the CNS referred to as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy [28,122].…”

Section: Pmlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human polyomaviruses

Eash

Manley

Gasparovic

et al. 2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

101

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“…It was clear from these initial descriptions, and other similarly documented cases of immunocompromised individuals, that this disorder was a previously unrecognized neuropathological entity with unknown cause linked to immunosuppression. In 1959, suspicion that a viral infection was involved in PML pathogenesis was fueled by the observation of inclusion bodies in the nuclei of damaged oligodendrocytes [16], the white matter cells that form myelin in the CNS.…”

Section: Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS

Jensen

Major

1999

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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“…A viral cause of PML was proposed in 1959 due to observations of inclusion bodies in the nuclei of damaged oligodendrocytes (70) and the hypothesis that the distribution of lesions could be explained by an atypical viral infection (419). The nuclei of cells with inclusion bodies were found by electron microscopy to contain particles similar to known polyomaviruses (202,559,560).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, the JC Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease of the Human Brain

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a debilitating and frequently fatal central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease caused by JC virus (JCV), for which there is currently no effective treatment. Lytic infection of oligodendrocytes in the brain leads to their eventual destruction and progressive demyelination, resulting in multiple foci of lesions in the white matter of the brain. Before the mid-1980s, PML was a relatively rare disease, reported to occur primarily in those with underlying neoplastic conditions affecting immune function and, more rarely, in allograft recipients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. However, with the onset of the AIDS pandemic, the incidence of PML has increased dramatically. Approximately 3 to 5% of HIV-infected individuals will develop PML, which is classified as an AIDS-defining illness. In addition, the recent advent of humanized monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease has also led to an increased risk of PML as a side effect of immunotherapy. Thus, the study of JCV and the elucidation of the underlying causes of PML are important and active areas of research that may lead to new insights into immune function and host antiviral defense, as well as to potential new therapies.

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Cerebral Demyelination Associated With Disorders of the Reticuloendothelial System

Cited by 129 publications

References 8 publications

The human polyomaviruses

The human polyomaviruses

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS

Molecular Biology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, the JC Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease of the Human Brain

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