Cerebral control of saccades and neuropsychological test results after head injury

Williams, Isla M.; Ponsford, Jennie Louise; Gibson, Karen L.; Mulhall, Lindsay E; Curran, Carol A; Abel, Larry A

doi:10.1016/s0967-5868(97)90072-2

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We did observe a discrepancy in prosaccade latency, which has also been shown in patients with head trauma for a visually guided and memory guided task (Williams et al, 1997). For most individuals, their saccades typically overshoot a target initially, proportionate to distance, and are accompanied by a smaller, corrective saccade to fixate more accurately on the target (Kapoula, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…That concussed individuals were less accurate in their fixations indicated a diminished saccade performance or capability of attending to important objects, or some combination of (Williams et al, 1997), an association that was trending in the similar task we employed. We did observe a discrepancy in prosaccade latency, which has also been shown in patients with head trauma for a visually guided and memory guided task (Williams et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Further, there is heightened potential for incurring additional and compounding injury, as well as longer recovery times, after suffering previous concussive events (Guskiewicz et al, 2003). It appears that head trauma reduces an individual's capacity for selectively discriminating between objects of interest (Heitger et al, 2002;Williams et al, 1997), and this may affect their ability to prepare for, and avoid, blows to the head that are otherwise preventable. Because of the demonstrable and significant cognitive impairments that arise from closed head injury, there is rationale for developing both effective preventative measures and accurate diagnostic tools for detecting loss of function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantification and analysis of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements and fixations to detect oculomotor deficits

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assessment of deficits in oculomotor function may be useful to detect visuomotor impairments due to a closed head injury. Systematic analysis schemes are needed to reliably quantify oculomotor deficits associated with oculomotor impairment via brain trauma. We propose a systematic, automated analysis scheme using various eye-tracking tasks to assess oculomotor function in a cohort of adolescents with acute concussion symptoms and aged-matched healthy controls. From these data we have evidence that these methods reliably detect oculomotor deficits in the concussed group, including reduced spatial accuracy and diminished tracking performance during visually guided prosaccade and self-paced saccade tasks. The accuracy and tracking deficits are consistent with prior studies on oculomotor function, while introducing novel discriminatory measures relative to fixation assessments -methodologically, a less complicated measure of performance -and thus represent a reliable and simple scheme of detection and analysis of oculomotor deficits associated with brain injury.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantification and analysis of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements and fixations to detect oculomotor deficits

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This distinction makes sense given that certain cortical regions, such as the frontal lobes, are most prone to injury in concussion 41. Though a somewhat simplistic interpretation of anatomic saccade control, the parietal lobe is predominantly responsible for the generation of reflexive saccades,42 whereas frontal lobe structures (i.e., the frontal eye fields and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) are more involved with cognitively demanding saccade types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Rizzo

Hudson

Dai³

et al. 2016

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe King–Devick (KD) test, which is based on rapid number naming speed, is a performance measure that adds vision and eye movement assessments to sideline concussion testing. We performed a laboratory‐based study to characterize ocular motor behavior during the KD test in a patient cohort with chronic concussion to identify features associated with prolonged KD reading times.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with a concussion history (mean age: 31) were compared to control participants with no concussion history (n = 42, mean age: 32). Participants performed a computerized KD test under infrared‐based video‐oculography.ResultsAverage intersaccadic intervals for task‐specific saccades were significantly longer among concussed patients compared to controls (324.4 ± 85.6 msec vs. 286.1 ± 49.7 msec, P = 0.027). Digitized KD reading times were prolonged in concussed participants versus controls (53.43 ± 14.04 sec vs. 43.80 ± 8.55 sec, P = 0.004) and were highly correlated with intersaccadic intervals. Concussion was also associated with a greater number of saccades during number reading and larger average deviations of saccade endpoint distances from the centers of the to‐be‐read numbers (1.22 ± 0.29° vs. 0.98 ± 0.27°, P = 0.002). There were no differences in saccade peak velocity, duration, or amplitude.InterpretationProlonged intersaccadic intervals, greater numbers of saccades, and larger deviations of saccade endpoints underlie prolonged KD reading times in chronic concussion. The KD test relies upon a diffuse neurocognitive network that mediates the fine control of efferent visual function. One sequela of chronic concussion may be disruption of this system, which may produce deficits in spatial target selection and planning of eye movements.

show abstract

“…31 The preceding is consistent with the results seen in our participants. However, our results could imply that the effects of TBI on the antisaccade task may show U-shaped dependence on injury severity, because Heitger et al 12 found no effect of mTBI in adults on antisaccade errors and Williams et al 11 found that more severely injured adult patients made more errors than did controls. However, our patients were children and the other studies were in adults, so confirmation of a U-shaped dependence would require the study of either children or adults with TBI of widely varying severities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Changes in saccadic eye movement and memory function after mild closed head injury in children

Phillipou

Douglas

Krieser

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABBREVIATIONS BRIEFBehavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function ImPACT Immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing mCHI Mild closed head injury mTBI Mild traumatic brain injury Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th edition AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether volitional saccadic impairments are present in children with mild closed head injury (mCHI) and whether these deficits are predictive of ongoing cognitive impairment.METHOD We analysed a sample of 26 children with mCHI (20 males, 6 females; mean age 13y 1mo, SD 2y) and 29 age-matched comparison children (20 males, 9 females; mean age 12y 2mo, SD 2y). Participants completed a battery of saccadic eye movement tasks and a set of computer-based cognitive tasks at three time points: within 2 weeks of mCHI, and at 3 months and 6 months. RESULTSThe group with mCHI made fewer errors on the antisaccade task at the first time point and showed increased latencies on prosaccades, correct antisaccades, and corrected antisaccade errors at the third time point (6mo). The group with mCHI also showed poorer performance on the cognitive tasks assessing memory.INTERPRETATION Even very mild, uncomplicated mCHI in children may persistently affect aspects of executive control and visual processing.Mild closed head injury (mCHI), or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), occurs when a blow to the head or a forceful motion of the head leads to brief loss of consciousness (<30min) or an alteration in mental state (e.g. confusion or disorientation), or any loss of memory for events before or after the incident. 1 The use of mCHI instead of mTBI does not explicitly imply the presence of brain injury. Although information on mTBI in children is limited, a recently completed prospective population-based study of 0-to 17-year-olds in Sweden yielded an annual incidence of 468 per 100 000.2 Evidence suggests that the prognosis after mTBI is good for most children; however, recent studies have observed that a significant proportion of these children experience ongoing problems. Hawley et al. 3 reported frequent behavioural, emotional, memory, and attention problems in 10% to 18% of children with mTBI, and personality change in 21%. Adults with mTBI often demonstrate difficulties with attention and working memory, and speed of processing (see Frencham et al. 4 for a meta-analysis). Research investigating the cognitive problems experienced by children with mTBI, however, is limited, with highly variable findings between studies. Anderson et al. 5 reported intact memory capacity over the course of both short-and long-term recovery after paediatric mTBI. Ponsford et al. 6 reported no impairment on a range of measures, including memory, attention, and processing speed at 1 week and 3 months after injury. However, Levin et al. 7 identified that children with 'complicated' mTBI, whose computed tomography (CT) revealed brain pathophysiology complications, had significantly poorer episodic memory and slower cognitive processing at short-and long-term follow-u...

show abstract

Cerebral control of saccades and neuropsychological test results after head injury

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Quantification and analysis of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements and fixations to detect oculomotor deficits

Quantification and analysis of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements and fixations to detect oculomotor deficits

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Changes in saccadic eye movement and memory function after mild closed head injury in children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About