Cerebral complications in pertussis

Litvak, Abraham M.; GIBEL, HARRY; Rosenthal, Seymour E.; Rosenblatt, Philip

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(48)80245-3

Cited by 30 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Fits were less common in the vaccinated (1 %) than in the non-vaccinated (11 %), and were equally common in younger and older non-vaccinated children. We have not observed any of the clinical cerebral complications, such as paralyses, blindness, loss of visual acuity, deafness, mental retardation, ataxia, speech disorders, and personality and behaviour problems as found by others (Litvak et al, 1948), but the frequency of convulsions we observed in all the non-vaccinated children (12%) is very similar to the 8% observed in a hospital study in 1933-36 before the advent of mass vaccination (Hambel and Lucchesi, 1938). One must remember that a considerable time has to elapse before the development of any personality changes and behaviour disorders becomes apparent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area.

Vesselinova-Jenkins¹,

Newcombe²,

Gray³

et al. 1978

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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SUMMARY During an outbreak of pertussis in the Cardiff area in 1974, 229 children with the disease were studied to assess the effect of immunisation upon its natural history and severity. The typical clinical features of pertussis, such as paroxysmal cough, whooping, vomiting, cyanosis, and irregular breathing, were less prevalent in both the immunised and the older children. Immunisation is the main factor in protecting against complications such as fits; and, together with older age, it protects against hospitalisation. Nevertheless, pertussis today can be just as severe as it was 40 years ago, and the vaccine remains the major factor ameliorating its natural history. The immunisation programme needs more active support by all child health workers.In 1974, public concern about the adverse complications of pertussis immunisation, with the consequent fall in the acceptance of immunisation, coincided with an outbreak of pertussis in the Cardiff area. This permitted a study of a considerable number of cases of the disease in both immunised and non-immunised children. This report is concerned with the effectiveness of the immunisation as measured by the severity of the disease in immunised and non-immunised children who contracted it. Patients and MethodsThe study population consisted of children up to the age of 16. They were either notified cases of pertussis, or affected contacts who had not been notified to the Medical Officer for Environmental Health (MOEH). A questionnaire was used to record details of the clinical manifestation of the disease. The original hospital notes of patients admitted to hopital were studied. Each child was visited three times or more. The immunisation history of each child was checked with records in the health authority offices and with general practitioners' records. A child was considered to have been fully vaccinated if a written record was found showing a completed primary course of three injections. Fourth and fifth injections, if given, were counted as boosters.If the case was clinically identified before or during the fourth week from the beginning of the disease, a swab was taken from the surface of the nasopharynx and immediately cultured on BordetGengou media (Oxoid CM267). The plates were then sent to the public health laboratory for bacteriological identification (Bradford et al., 1946). Virological investigation was not undertaken. ResultsThe study consisted of 229 children in 145 families, diagnosed and treated for pertussis. Notifications to the MOEH provided 89 children (39%). The remaining 140 children (61 %) were siblings, or other contacts, with pertussis, discovered as a result of visits to the families. Of the 229 children studied, 45 % were boys, more than 80% were under six years old, and 44 % were under two years old.Vaccination records showed that 116 (51 Y.) had not been vaccinated, 101 (44%) were fully vaccinated, and 12 (5%) were partially vaccinated. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 44 (19 %); one-quarter of these yielded Bordetella pertussis on c...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area.

Vesselinova-Jenkins¹,

Newcombe²,

Gray³

et al. 1978

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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“…5 Stroke has been infrequently described among young infants with pertussis. 6 However, more cases are likely to be reported because of the extensive use of ECMO. ECMO may be the only means of sustaining life in patients with respiratory failure caused by pertussis, but the anticoagulation it requires carries a risk of cerebral hemorrhage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suffer the Infants: A Severe Case of Pertussis in Oregon, 2012

Liko

Koenig²,

Cieslak

2015

Public Health Rep

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Pertussis remains a public health concern in Oregon, especially among young infants. The disease can be severe in this age group and is associated with a high inpatient cost. This report describes an Oregon infant who was hospitalized with pertussis for 90 days, required extracorporeal oxygenation for 43 days, suffered complications including stroke, and had hospital charges totaling $1.5 million. Pertussis morbidity among young infants argues for vaccination of women during each pregnancy and of infants beginning promptly at two months of age.Pertussis is often considered a merely persistent but ultimately self-limited nagging cough. However, afflicted infants may suffer hospitalization, serious complications, and sometimes death. 1 We report a severe case of pertussis and review recent public health data to describe the burden of pertussis among infants in Oregon. CASE REPORTA 3,136-gram Hispanic girl was born at 35 weeks' estimated gestational age via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, was vaccinated at birth with hepatitis B vaccine, and had an uneventful postnatal course. The family subscribed to vaccination, and the baby's siblings were current with pertussis-containing vaccines. The mother had declined tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) offered during pregnancy. She received it two weeks after delivery.At 18 days of life, the baby was brought to an emergency department for a choking episode after being bottle-fed breast milk. According to the patient's father, prior to being brought to the emergency department, the baby had

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Prophylaxis of Whooping Cough

Fox¹

1949

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Cerebral complications in pertussis

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area.

The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area.

Suffer the Infants: A Severe Case of Pertussis in Oregon, 2012

Prophylaxis of Whooping Cough

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