Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

Sapirstein, Leo A.; Hanusek, Gordon E.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1958.193.2.272

Cited by 66 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…As far as lAP methods are concerned, CBFsAP in normocapnia (Table 1) is close to the value of 0.57 mllmin/g reported by Sapirstein and Hanusek (1958). As expected, this value is lower than that measured by the Sak,urada method (CBFsAK; Table 4).…”

Section: Cerebral Blood Flowsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…2 ml of normal saline were rapidly infused in a femoral vein of each animal of group I. At 20 s after injection, when the relative amount ofIAP is stable in the brain (Sapirstein and Hanusek, 1958;Keyeux and Ochrymowicz-Bemelmans, 1983), the animal was killed by cardiac arrest with an intravenous injection (0.2 ml) of saturated KCI. The brain was removed from the cranial cavity and then peeled off its meninges and pial vessels to avoid the influence of their intravascular lAP activity on the activity of the lAP extracted by the nervous tissue.…”

Section: Measurement Of Cbf By Diffusible Indicator Fractionation Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After a delay of 3 days, which allowed Tc radioactivity (T ill 6 h) to disappear, the whole brain and a known aliquot (1/100) of the injected dose were assayed for lAP content by gamma counting with the same equipment as mentioned in Measurement of the CBV. According to the Sapirstein's indicator fraction ation technique (Sapirstein and Hanusek, 1958;Goldman and Sapirstein, 1973), CBFsAP was calculated by multi plying CO (as previously determined for TCBV calcula tion) with the fractional uptake of lAP per gram of brain. However, because of the retention by the lungs of a frac tion of the intravenously injected lAP (OIdendorf and Ki tano, \965), the reference to the injected dose overesti mates the amount of lAP that is submitted to cardiac output fractionation.…”

Section: Measurement Of Cbf By Diffusible Indicator Fractionation Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induced Response to Hypercapnia in the Two-Compartment Total Cerebral Blood Volume: Influence on Brain Vascular Reserve and Flow Efficiency

Keyeux

Ochrymowiczbemelmans

Charlier

1995

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of CBF increase as induced by hypercapnia. It was achieved in anesthetized rats by determining total cerebral blood volume (TCBV), parenchymal blood (CBV), plasma (CPV), erythrocyte (CEV) volumes and cerebral hematocrit (CHct) as well as CBF at about 40, 60, and 80 mm Hg Pac0 2 • TCBV was measured by a non invasive blood dilution method using [99mTc)pertechne tate. CBV, CPV, and CEV were measured on isolated brain by 1 2 5I_serum albumin and 5ICr-erythrocytes. CBF was measured by both ['31I114Cjiodoantipyrine and 57CO_ microsphere extractions. The extraparenchymal blood volume (ECBV) was evaluated by subtracting CBV from TCBV. Under normocapnia, ECBV was 2.8 times larger than CBV. Under moderate hypercapnia; ECBV in creased by 44%, CBV was not modified, and CBF inBlood supply to the brain ongmates from the aorta and is provided by the two internal carotid arteries and the two vertebral arteries. The blood entering the skull is then distributed between three pairs of cerebral arteries, of which terminal branches are interconnected through arterioarterial pial anastomoses (Van den Bergh and Van der Eecken, 1968). These interconnecting series of small distributing arteries branch over the surface of the brain, sending off arteries and arterioles that penetrate the brain to varying depths before divid-

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Section: Cerebral Blood Flowsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Measurement Of Cbf By Diffusible Indicator Fractionation Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Cbf By Diffusible Indicator Fractionation Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Induced Response to Hypercapnia in the Two-Compartment Total Cerebral Blood Volume: Influence on Brain Vascular Reserve and Flow Efficiency

Keyeux

Ochrymowiczbemelmans

Charlier

1995

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…03 g, the flow rate per unit weight was 31 mlllOO g/min. Using other methods of measurement, rat whole-brain blood flows of 50-106 mlllOO g/min have been calculated (Sapirstein and Hanusek, 1958;Eklof and Siesj6, 1973;Goldman and Sapirstein, 1973;Gjedde et aI., 1975). The flows observed through the retroglenoid vein in the present experiments therefore represent -30-60% of the total CBF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Anoxia on Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat Brain: Evidence for a Role of Adenosine in Autoregulation

Phillis

Preston

DeLong

1984

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: The purpose of these experiments was to de termine the utility of a new method for monitoring CBF using a venous outflow technique with an extracorporeal circulation and to examine the effects of agents that po tentiate or antagonize the actions of adenosine on the blood flow response to brief periods of anoxia. The re sults demonstrate the ability of the new technique to de tect the increases in CBF in response to anoxia. Caffeine, CBF is able to respond rapidly and appropriately to alterations in arterial blood pressure and brain metabolism. The mechanisms responsible for this autoregulation remain controversial, but a consid erable volume of evidence supports the hypothesis that adenosine plays a significant role in the regu lation of cerebral vascular tone. Adenosine is pro duced in the brain during hypoxia, ischemia, hy potension, and seizures (Berne et aI. , 1974; N ord strom et aI. , 1977; Winn et aI. , 1979 Winn et aI. , , 1980 Schrader et aI. , 1980). When applied directly to ce rebral vessels, adenosine causes vasodilatation (Berne et aI. , 1974;Wahl and Kuschinsky, 1976), though the effects of intraarterially perfused aden osine on CBF vary between species (Buyanski and Rapela, 1969; Berne et aI. , 1974; Heistad et aI. , 1981). The frequent failure of intraarterial adeno sine to affect CBF may be a result of its inability to readily cross the blood-brain barrier (Berne et aI. , 1974).In this study, we have used a venous outt1ow technique to measure CBF and its response to brief periods of anoxia. The method for measuring CBF by cannulation of the retroglenoid (postglenoid) vein was initially described by Gjedde et al. (1975) and by Nilsson and colleagues (Nilsson and Siesjo, 586an adenosine antagonist, reduced the intensity and du ration of the anoxia-induced hyperemia. Dipyridamole and papaverine, inhibitors of adenosine uptake, poten tiated the increase in CBF during anoxia. The results support the hypothesis that adenosine plays an important role in regulating CBF during anoxic episodes. Key Words: Anoxia-Caffeine-Cerebral blood flow-Di pyridamole-Papaverine. 1976; Hardebo et aI. , 1979). Winn et al. (1983) sub sequently adapted the technique for continuous re cording of CBF using an extracorporeal circulation with return of cerebral blood through a femoral vein. We have used this latter adaptation of the technique, which has the advantage of allowing for the continuous recording of a major fraction of the CBF over periods of several hours, during which time manipUlations of blood gases can be conducted in the presence or absence of pharmacological agents. The results of our study offer further evi dence that adenosine is an important regulator of CBF in animals challenged by anoxic episodes. METHODS PreparationCBF measurements were performed on male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River) (weight 350-400 g). Anes thesia was induced with 2-3% halothane to allow trache otomy, and the animals were then maintained during sur gery on a mixture of nitrogen (70%), oxygen (30%), and methoxyflu...

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“…We think that this uniformity may be caused by a technical problem. Recently, 4-iodoantipyrine has been used for measurement of cerebral blood flow (2,3,5,7,8,(11)(12)(13). This method is particularly useful for detecting changes in cerebral blood flow of the minute regions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of local cerebral blood flow during hypoxic hypoxia; 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic study.

Shimono

Shimada

Ozaki

et al. 1984

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Induced Response to Hypercapnia in the Two-Compartment Total Cerebral Blood Volume: Influence on Brain Vascular Reserve and Flow Efficiency

Induced Response to Hypercapnia in the Two-Compartment Total Cerebral Blood Volume: Influence on Brain Vascular Reserve and Flow Efficiency

Effects of Anoxia on Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat Brain: Evidence for a Role of Adenosine in Autoregulation

Alterations of local cerebral blood flow during hypoxic hypoxia; 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic study.

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