Cerebral blood flow during anticipation of public speaking in social phobia: a PET study

Tillfors, Maria; Furmark, Tomas; Marteinsdóttir, Ína; Fredrikson, Mats

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01396-3

Cited by 200 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Tillfors and colleagues' follow-up study sought to further examine the neural correlates of social anxiety evoked by anticipating a public speech (Tillfors, Furmark, Marteinsdottir, & Fredrikson, 2002). They found that the induced speech anxiety was accompanied by enhanced cerebral blood flow in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left inferior temporal cortex, and in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region.…”

Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the induced speech anxiety was accompanied by enhanced cerebral blood flow in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left inferior temporal cortex, and in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region. These findings led to a speculation that social anxiety is linked to a neural network encompassing the amygdaloid-hippocampal region, prefrontal, and temporal areas (Tillfors et al, 2002).…”

Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

Lee

Telch

2008

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Social anxiety disorder is the third most common mental disorder with the lifetime prevalence rate of 13.3% in the US population. Typically, it causes significant impairment in a wide range of functioning and follows a chronic, unremitting course if untreated. Over the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in clinical research aimed at examining underlying mechanisms maintaining social anxiety.One line of research has investigated attentional biases in social anxiety, using various cognitive experiment paradigms, including the emotional Stroop and the modified dotprobe tasks. However, overall findings are equivocal about the nature of attentional biases in social anxiety and several methodological problems limit the interpretability of the data. The present study examined attentional biases associated with social anxiety using a new research paradigm in the field of anxiety disorders: the inattentional blindness paradigm. This paradigm presents a social cue in the absence of the subjects' expectation while they are engaged in a cognitively demanding task, thereby enabling the v more purely attentional aspect of information processing to be examined reducing the influence of potential response biases or effortful strategies. Two independent experiments were conducted using nonclinical student samples consisting of individuals high in social anxiety (HSAs) versus individuals low in social anxiety (LSAs) based on the static and sustained inattentional blindness tasks. Overall, results revealed that HSAs were more likely to detect or identify a socially-threatening cue, relative to LSAs; whereas LSAs were more likely to detect or identify a non-threatening social cue, relative to HSAs. These findings were observed only in the presence of a bogus-speech manipulation. These data suggest the promising utility of the inattentional blindness paradigm in investigating attentional biases in social anxiety and perhaps other psychopathological conditions. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.vi

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Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

Lee

Telch

2008

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…In addition, more multidimensional behavioral challenges could be studied, such as brain activation during social encounters in subjects with different subtypes of schizophrenia or autism, procedural memory in subtypes of dementia, maternal-infant bonding, or structured versus unstructured play activity in subjects with attention deficit disorder. Some behavioral challenges, such as public speaking in social phobia [117,118], snake exposure in snake phobia [119] or drug craving induced by environmental cues [120][121][122], though it has been feasible to study these in immobilized subjects, may be more robustly delineated in a natural setting. Furthermore, constraint-free functional neuroimaging may find applications in studying the effects of gender or specific genotypes have on functional brain activation.…”

Section: Mapping Brain Function During Behavioral Challenge Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping brain function in freely moving subjects

Holschneider

Maarek

2004

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Expression of many fundamental mammalian behaviors such as, for example, aggression, mating, foraging or social behaviors, depend on locomotor activity. A central dilemma in the functional neuroimaging of these behaviors has been the fact that conventional neuroimaging techniques generally rely on immobilization of the subject, which extinguishes all but the simplest activity. Ideally, imaging could occur in freely moving subjects, while presenting minimal interference with the subject's natural behavior. Here we provide an overview of several approaches that have been undertaken in the past to achieve this aim in both tethered and freely moving animals, as well as in nonrestrained human subjects. Applications of specific radiotracers to single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography are discussed in which brain activation is imaged after completion of the behavioral task and capture of the tracer. Potential applications to clinical neuropsychiatry are discussed, as well as challenges inherent to constraint-free functional neuroimaging. Future applications of these methods promise to increase our understanding of the neural circuits underlying mammalian behavior in health and disease.

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“…Pessimistic worry in the anticipation of problems, on the other hand, does also bear a cognitive component, and cognitive processes are more dominantly associated with prefrontal sites. Studies have shown that anticipatory worry correlates with task-elicited activity and glucose consumption in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Tillfors, Furmark, Marteinsdottir, & Fredrikson, 2002). Furthermore, task fMRI studies point toward aberrant functional interactions between prefrontal control regions and subcortical areas in highly anxious participants (Basten et al, 2011;Bishop, Duncan, Brett, & Lawrence, 2004), and evidence from structural tractography suggests that individual differences in prefrontal-subcortical white matter projections represents a neurostructural correlate of anxiety .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxious personality and functional efficiency of the insular-opercular network: A graph-analytic approach to resting-state fMRI

Markett

Montag

Melchers

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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The brain is an intricate network, not only structurally but also functionally. On the functional level, connectivity in the brain is organized in separable yet interacting networks that support information processing by maintaining a ready state, even in the absence of external stimulation. It has been hypothesized that an insular-opercular network underlies the processing of emotionally salient information and that individual differences in functional connectivity within this network correspond to individual differences in trait anxiety. Here, we tested this relationship by applying graph analysis to multiple regions of interests delineating the insularopercular network to estimate the characteristic path length that quantifies the overall information exchange efficiency within a given network. We found that people scoring high on the anxiety-related temperament-dimension harm avoidance had decreased insular-opercular network efficiency in the resting state, as indicated by a higher characteristic path length. Furthermore, people scoring high on harm avoidance showed generally reduced functional connectivity between brain regions; the relationship between harm avoidance and insular-opercular network efficiency remained significant when controlling for mean connectivity within this network. No such results were found for other resting-state networks. The results provide insights into how personality is organized in the human brain and point toward clinically relevant endophenotypes for affective and mood disorders.

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Cerebral blood flow during anticipation of public speaking in social phobia: a PET study

Cited by 200 publications

References 43 publications

Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

Mapping brain function in freely moving subjects

Anxious personality and functional efficiency of the insular-opercular network: A graph-analytic approach to resting-state fMRI

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