Cerebral activation is correlated to regional atrophy of the spinal cord and functional motor disability in spinal cord injured individuals

Lundell, Henrik; Christensen, Mark Schram; Barthélemy, Dorothy; Willerslev-Olsen, Maria; Biering‐Sørensen, Fin; Nielsen, Jens Bo

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.009

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Several studies have confirmed this reduction in cortical activation with functional improvement for both leg and arm movements Lundell et al, 2010b; see also Ward, 2004 for hand function). The general idea is that patients need to recruit additional cortical areas in order to activate the muscles when function is strongly impaired.…”

Section: Locomotor Training Induces Cortical Plasticity After Strokementioning

confidence: 77%

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Barthélemy

Grey

Nielsen

et al. 2011

Progress in Brain Research

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Section: Locomotor Training Induces Cortical Plasticity After Strokementioning

confidence: 77%

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Barthélemy

Grey

Nielsen

et al. 2011

Progress in Brain Research

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“…We previously studied 7 patients with incomplete SCI during finger tapping 20 and found increased fMRI activation within sensorimotor and pre-motor areas, although these subjects had inflammatory rather than traumatic SCI. Lundell and colleagues 21 reported fMRI findings from 17 subjects with incomplete SCI during ankle movement and found that overall activation was more diffuse as compared to healthy controls; image analysis was limited in this study; however, because only descriptive group comparisons were provided, without formal statistical analysis. Other studies have combined complete and incomplete SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1 Voluntary motor function is partially preserved after incomplete SCI, which suggests that adaptive changes in the function of brain sensorimotor networks would differ sharply from those described after complete SCI. There have been few studies examining these questions, however, 20,21 and thus knowledge concerning brain function during voluntary movement in subjects with incomplete SCI is scant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Brain Sensorimotor Network Activation after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Sharp

Gramer

Page

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

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After complete spinal cord injury (SCI), activation during attempted movement of paralyzed limbs is sharply reduced, but after incomplete SCI-the more common form of human injury-it is unknown how attempts to move voluntarily are accompanied by activation of brain motor and sensory networks. Here, we assessed brain activation during ankle movement in subjects with incomplete SCI, among whom voluntary motor function is partially preserved. Adults with incomplete SCI (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 15) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging that alternated rest with 0.3-Hz right ankle dorsiflexion. In both subject groups, ankle movement was associated with bilateral activation of primary and secondary sensory and motor areas, with significantly ( p < 0.001) greater activation in subjects with SCI within right hemisphere areas, including primary sensorimotor cortex and pre-motor cortex. This result was further evaluated using linear regression analysis with respect to core clinical variables. Poorer locomotor function correlated with larger activation within several right hemisphere areas, including pre-and post-central gyri, possibly reflecting increased movement complexity and effort, whereas longer time post-SCI was associated with larger activation in left post-central gyrus and bilateral supplementary motor area, which may reflect behaviorally useful adaptations. The results indicate that brain adaptations after incomplete SCI differ sharply from complete SCI, are related to functional behavioral status, and evolve with increasing time post-SCI. The results suggest measures that might be useful for understanding and treating incomplete SCI in human subjects.

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“…Uninjured participants show no further increase above 10% MVC [11]. Changes to both MEP amplitude and latency are correlated with the severity of the injury as well as functional motor disability; smaller and more delayed MEPs are indicative of severe injuries that yield greater motor impairments [14,[17][18][19][20][21] Collectively, the data in SCI show that MEPs are abnormal when compared to uninjured and is hypothesized to be caused by the damage to the descending efferent pathways in the spinal cord. Although MEPs show abnormalities in SCI, TMS can still be used as a tool to identify muscles that are candidates for plasticity protocols to potentially restore function in those muscles.…”

Section: Motor Cortical Circuits In Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Investigate Motor Cortical Circuitry and Plasticity in Spinal Cord Injury

Bailey

Mi²,

Aimee³

et al. 2014

JNSK

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Spinal cord injury may lead to complete or incomplete damage to ascending sensory and/or descending motor pathways and therefore alter neural circuits of the primary motor cortex. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a valuable tool for investigating the function of neural circuitry within primary motor cortex and also for promoting plasticity in these circuits for the ultimate purpose of improving the control of movement. For spinal cord injury, information about motor cortical circuits and TMS approaches to induce plasticity in these circuits is steadily emerging. In this review, we discuss TMS investigations of motor cortical circuitry and review TMS approaches to promote plasticity in motor cortical circuitry in spinal cord injury.

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Cerebral activation is correlated to regional atrophy of the spinal cord and functional motor disability in spinal cord injured individuals

Cited by 72 publications

References 24 publications

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Increased Brain Sensorimotor Network Activation after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Investigate Motor Cortical Circuitry and Plasticity in Spinal Cord Injury

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