Chronic inflammation is associated with multiple human disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, alleviation of inflammation induced by environment stimuli is important for disease prevention or treatment. Cereblon (CRBN) functions as a substrate receptor of the cullin-4 RING E3 ligase to mediate protein ubiquitination and degradation. Although it has been reported that CRBN reduces the inflammatory response through its non-enzymatic function, its role as a substrate receptor of the E3 ligase is not explored in mediating this process. Here, we use quantitative proteomic approach to find that the major component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex, c-Jun, is significantly down-regulated upon CRBN expression. Biochemical approaches further discover that CRBN interacts and partially colocalizes with c-Jun, promotes the formation of the K48-linked polyubiquitin chains on c-Jun, and thus enhances c-Jun degradation. We further reveal that CRBN attenuates the transcriptional activity of AP-1 complex and reduces the mRNA expression and protein level of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, flow cytometry analyses show that CRBN attenuates the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis in the differentiated THP-1 cells. Through genetic manipulation and pharmacological inhibition, we uncover a new molecular mechanism by which CRBN regulates the inflammatory response and apoptosis induced by LPS. Our work and previous studies demonstrate that CRBN suppresses the inflammatory response by promoting or inhibiting the ubiquitination of two key molecules at different levels of the inflammatory cascade through the enzymatic function as a substrate receptor and the non-enzymatic function as a protein binding partner.