Cerebellar volume and long-term use of phenytoin

Marco, F; Ghizoni, Enrico; Kobayashi, Eliane; Li, Li Min; Cendes, Fernando

doi:10.1016/s1059-1311(02)00267-4

Cited by 85 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Both cerebellar atrophy and hyperostosis of skull can be seen after long term phenytoin use. 1,2 Phenytoin is known to cause diffuse atrophy of purkinje cells of the cerebellum both clinically and experimentally. Along with the drug's action, cerebellar atrophy post phenytoin therapy in epileptic patients is also attributed to seizure mediated cell loss secondary to ischemic injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Imaging in phenytoin induced neurotoxicity: a case series

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phenytoin is a commonly used anti-epileptic drug for various types of seizure disorders except for absent seizures. Long term dose dependant neurological side effects of phenytoin therapy include cerebellar atrophy, cerebral atrophy and brain stem atrophy. Skull hyperostosis, gum hypertrophy and megaloblastic anemia are other known effects of Long term therapy. We present four cases depicting clinical and neuroimaging findings of Phenytoin induced Toxicity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of sulci and foliae are used to assess the degree of cerebellar atrophy. 2 The common differential diagnoses of cerebellar atrophy include Alcoholic atrophy, Multi system atrophy (MSA) and Ataxia telangiectasia.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in phenytoin induced neurotoxicity: a case series

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main substances causing toxic ataxia are: lithium, phenytoin, amiodarone, toluene and some chemotherapy's (5-fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside) [10][11][12][13][14] . There are also descriptions of ataxia induced by mercury or bismuth subsalicylate exposure 15,16 .…”

Section: Ataxia Related To Toxic Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult onset sporadic ataxias: a diagnostic challenge

Barsottini

Albuquerque

Neto

et al. 2014

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with adult onset non-familial progressive ataxia are classified in sporadic ataxia group. There are several disease categories that may manifest with sporadic ataxia: toxic causes, immune-mediated ataxias, vitamin deficiency, infectious diseases, degenerative disorders and even genetic conditions. Considering heterogeneity in the clinical spectrum of sporadic ataxias, the correct diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. In this review, the different disease categories that lead to sporadic ataxia with adult onset are discussed with special emphasis on their clinical and neuroimaging features, and diagnostic criteria.Keywords: ataxia, sporadic ataxia, clinical features, diagnostic criteria. RESUMOPacientes com ataxia progressiva que se inicia na idade adulta, e sem histórico familiar da doença, são classificados no grupo das ataxias esporádicas. Existem várias categorias de doenças que podem se manifestar com ataxia esporádica, tais como: causas tóxicas, ataxias imunomediadas, deficiência de vitaminas, doenças infecciosas, doenças degenerativas e até mesmo condições genéticas. Considerando a heterogeneidade no espectro clínico das ataxias esporádicas, a definição da etiologia constitui um desafio diagnóstico. Neste artigo de revisão, realizamos uma discussão sobre as diferentes categorias de doenças que causam ataxia com início na idade adulta sem histórico familiar, com ênfase nas características clínicas, aspectos de imagem e critérios diagnósticos.Palavras-chave: ataxia, ataxias esporádicas, aspectos clínicos, critérios diagnósticos.

show abstract

“…Although few data exist about the risk of SUDEP in children, a recent study by our research group demonstrated that increased SUDEP occurrence appeared in children unresponsive to antiepileptic therapy, with no increase in risk observed in patients who remained seizure free 31 . An additional important issue is evidence that phenytoin can exert toxic effects on the cerebellum in patients with epilepsy 32 ; the toxicity is associated with ataxia, tremor, nystagmus and diplopia 32,33 . Furthermore, cerebellar atrophy can occur in phenytoin-exposed patients with epilepsy in the absence of generalised tonicclonic seizures or pre-existent brain damage 32,34,35 .…”

Section: Brain Regions and Sudepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden death in a child with epilepsy: potential cerebellar mechanisms?

Arida

Sakamoto

Harper

2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in humans. People with epilepsy are more likely to die prematurely than those without epilepsy, with the most common epilepsy-related category of death being sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The central mechanisms underlying the fatal process remain unclear, but cardiac and respiratory mechanisms appear to be involved. Recently, cerebellar, thalamic, basal ganglia and limbic brain structures have been shown to be implicated in respiratory and cardiac rate regulation. We discuss here the potential mechanisms underlying the fatal process, with a description of cerebellar actions likely failing in that SUDEP process. Key words: SUDEP, epilepsy, cerebellum, respiratory mechanisms, seizures.Morte súbita em uma criança com epilepsia: potenciais mecanismos cerebelares? RESUMO Epilepsia é uma das doenças neurológicas mais comuns em seres humanos. Pessoas com epilepsia têm maior chance de morrer prematuramente do que pessoas sem epilepsia, sendo a principal causa de óbito a morte súbita em epilepsia (SUDEP). Os mecanismos centrais envolvidos neste processo fatal não são claros, mas mecanismos cardíacos e respiratórios parecem estar envolvidos. Recentemente, regiões cerebrais como o cerebelo, núcleos talâmicos, gânglios basais e estruturas límbicas foram relacionadas com a variação das frequências cardíaca e respiratória. Aqui, discutiremos potenciais mecanismos envolvidos na SUDEP, com uma descrição do possível papel do cerebelo na sua ocorrência. Palavras-chave: SUDEP, epilepsia, cerebelo, mecanismos respiratórios e crises.

show abstract

Cerebellar volume and long-term use of phenytoin

Abstract: CA is frequently associated with long-term use of phenytoin. Although duration of epilepsy may have an influence in the CA, this is clearly less important than the time of exposure to phenytoin.

Cited by 85 publications

References 12 publications

Imaging in phenytoin induced neurotoxicity: a case series

Imaging in phenytoin induced neurotoxicity: a case series

Adult onset sporadic ataxias: a diagnostic challenge

Sudden death in a child with epilepsy: potential cerebellar mechanisms?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About