Cerebellar Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

Wilkins, Alastair

doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00312

Cited by 81 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Further, structural and functional analyses have identified cerebellar abnormalities not only in primary cerebellar injury or degeneration, but also in many psychiatric and neurological diseases that degrade cognition and affect. Examples include major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders 24 , posttraumatic stress disorder 25 , fibromyalgia 26 , Alzheimer's disease 27 , frontotemporal dementia 27 , vascular dementia 28 , Huntington's disease 29 , multiple sclerosis 30 and Parkinson's disease 31 . Unmasking the basic hierarchical principles of cerebellar macroscale organization can therefore have large impact in basic and clinical neuroscience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Gradients of the Cerebellum: A Fundamental Movement-To-Thought Principle

Guell

et al. 2018

Preprint

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A central principle for understanding the cerebral cortex is that macroscale anatomy reflects a functional hierarchy from primary to transmodal processing. In contrast, the central axis of motor and nonmotor macroscale organization in the cerebellum remains unknown. Here we applied diffusion map embedding to resting-state data from the Human Connectome Project dataset (n=1003), and show for the first time that cerebellar functional regions follow a gradual organization which progresses from primary (motor) to transmodal (DMN, task-unfocused) regions. A secondary axis extends from taskunfocused to task-focused processing. Further, these two principal gradients reveal functional properties of the well-established cerebellar double motor representation, and its relationship with the recently described triple nonmotor representation. These interpretations are further supported by data-driven clustering and cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity analyses. Importantly, these descriptions remain observable at the individual subject level. These findings, from an exceptionally large and high-quality dataset, provide new and fundamental insights into the functional organization of the human cerebellum, unmask new testable hypotheses for future studies, and yield an unprecedented tool for the topographical, macroscale interpretation of cerebellar findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Gradients of the Cerebellum: A Fundamental Movement-To-Thought Principle

Guell

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Tremors, which are either due to cerebellar or thalamic involvement, could occur, and they result in tremor affecting limbs, trunk, and vocal cord, and head. Types of tremors are intention, postural, rest, and rubral (Alistair [16]). Cerebellar signs will be evident with a significant involvement of the cerebellum.…”

Section: Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

Joseph¹

2019

Multiple Sclerosis [Working Title]

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Although there are no pathognomonic features to confirm the diagnosis of this immune-mediated disease, a constellation of clinical, radiological, and immune studies can ensure the clinician gets a more definitive diagnosis. Criteria have been made every few years based on research to clinch the diagnosis. The most recent criteria which are the McDonald criteria have been formed in 2001 and revised in 2005, 2010, and 2017. Most criteria are to be used only as a guide to facilitate the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Advances in demyelinating disorders will require diagnostic criteria to be revised every few years with scientists hoping for a more definitive and confirmative diagnosis. The cardinal features for diagnosis are dissemination in time and space. There should be no other possible explanation to the clinical features.

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“…Similarly, the cerebellum has become clinically relevant for the study of not only primary cases of cerebellar injury or degeneration, but also neurology and psychiatry as a whole. Numerous studies have revealed that many neurological and psychiatric diseases that impair cognitive and affective processing include cerebellar functional and structural abnormalities (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). In this way, the present article describes the development of a novel, timely, and relevant neuroscience tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

LittleBrain: a gradient-based tool for the topographical interpretation of cerebellar neuroimaging findings

Guell

Goncalves

Kaczmarzyk

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Gradient-based approaches to brain function have recently unmasked fundamental properties of brain organization. Diffusion map embedding analysis of resting-state fMRI data revealed a primary-to-transmodal axis of cerebral cortical macroscale functional organization. The same method was recently used to analyze resting-state data within the cerebellum, revealing for the first time a sensorimotor-fugal macroscale organization principle of cerebellar function. Cerebellar gradient 1 extended from motor to non-motor task-unfocused (default-mode network) areas, and cerebellar gradient 2 isolated taskfocused processing regions. Here we present a freely available and easily accessible tool that applies this new knowledge to the topographical interpretation of cerebellar neuroimaging findings. LittleBrain generates scatterplots that illustrate the relationship between cerebellar data (e.g., volumetric patient study clusters, task activation maps, etc.) and cerebellar gradients 1 and 2. This novel method of data mapping provides alternative, gradual visualizations that complement discrete parcellation maps of cerebellar functional neuroanatomy. We present application examples to show that LittleBrain can also capture subtle, progressive aspects of cerebellar functional neuroanatomy that would be difficult to visualize using conventional mapping techniques. Download and use instructions can be found at https://xaviergp.github.io/littlebrain.

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Cerebellar Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 81 publications

References 70 publications

Functional Gradients of the Cerebellum: A Fundamental Movement-To-Thought Principle

Functional Gradients of the Cerebellum: A Fundamental Movement-To-Thought Principle

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

LittleBrain: a gradient-based tool for the topographical interpretation of cerebellar neuroimaging findings

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