Cerebellar cortical degeneration in cattle caused by Solanum kwebense

Lugt, Jaco J. Van der; Bastianello, Stella S.; Ederen, A.M. van; Wilpe, Erna van

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.012

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Alem das lesões histológicas a atrofia das camadas molecular e granular do cerebelo e a marcada ausência de células de Purkinje foram descritas anteriormente nas intoxicações por S. fastigiatum var. fastigiatum (Rech et al 2006) e S. kwebense (Van der Lugt et al 2010). S. paniculatum é uma invasora de pastagens ou de terrenos abandonados muito frequente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, mas encontrada em todo o País.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

et al. 2011

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RESUMO.-Surtos de uma doença neurológica com sinais cerebelares ocorreram em três fazendas da região Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. A morbidade foi de 3 a 25%, a mortalidade variou de 0 a 20% e a letalidade foi de 0 a 60%. Uma planta que predominava nos pastos das fazendas foi identificada como Solanum paniculatum. Os sinais clínicos apresentados foram de crises periódicas caracterizadas por incoordenação, extensão da cabeça e pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, tremores de intenção, nistagmo e quedas. As crises eram induzidas pelo teste de levantar a cabeça ou quando os animais eram assustados ou quando aplicado o teste de levantar a cabeça. Alguns animais apresentaram sinais permanentes com alterações posturais, tremores de intenção, andar cambaleante com os membros em abdução e perda progressiva de peso. De dois bovinos que foram necropsiados, um apresentava di- Outbreaks of a disease of the nervous system are reported in cattle in three farms in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco. Morbidity, mortality and fatality rates varied from 3 to 25%, 0 to 20% and 0 to 60%, respectively. A weed found in large amounts in the pastures was identified as Solanum paniculatum. Clinical signs were characterized by transitory, periodic attacks with loss of balance, incoordinated gait, neck and head extension, hypermetria, intention tremors, nystagmus, and falls. The attacks were induced when the animals were disturbed or by the application of the head raising test. Two cows showed permanent signs including ataxia, abnormal posture, staggering gait with limbs in abduction, intention tremors, hypermetria, and progressive weight loss. Histological lesions in one cow were fine vacuolation of the cerebellar Purkinje neurons with marginalization of the nucleus. Loss of Purkinje neurons with proliferation of Bergmann astrocytes and Wallerian degeneration with axonal spheroids in the granular layer and cerebellar white matter were also observed. Neuronal vacuolation and axonal spheroids were observed in the gracillis nucleus. In one cow that stayed for approximately 10 months in an area free of S. paniculatum with permanent signs, there was a severe depletion of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. The granular and molecular layers were reduced and depleted of cells. Considering that the toxic compound of S. paniculatum is unknown, and that the plant is largely used as a medical plant, it is necessary to take into account the risk of human poisoning. Intoxicação por

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

et al. 2011

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“…7,12,13 Little is known of the degenerative mechanism, although the lack of apoptotic markers in degenerative neurons in Solanum kwebense-intoxicated cattle suggests that apoptosis is not involved. 13 Neuronal calcium may play a role in neuronal survival as well as in apoptosis, pathological neuronal, degeneration and necrosis. 6 Sustained increases in intracellular calcium levels, such as those observed after excitatory amino acid treatment or attributed to reduced transport activity, have been shown to correlate with increased protein and lipid degradation, which progresses to cell death.…”

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Calbindin D28k Expression and the Absence of Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Solanum bonariense L–Intoxicated Bovines

et al. 2009

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Solanum bonariense intoxication is characterized by cerebellar neuronal vacuolation, degeneration, and necrosis. Cerebellar Purkinje cells seem especially susceptible, but more research is needed to determine the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis and the mechanism of Purkinje cell susceptibility. Calbindin D28k (CbD28k) is highly expressed in Purkinje cells and has been used as a marker for normal and degenerative Purkinje cells. The goal of this study was to describe S bonariense-induced disease by ascertaining Purkinje cell-specific degenerative changes using CbD28k expression and to correlate this with apoptosis in Purkinje cells, as determined using TUNEL (transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling) and ultrastructural changes. In all cases, an increase in both dose and duration of S bonariense intoxication resulted in a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells. CbD28k immunohistochemistry was an excellent marker for Purkinje cells because immunoreactivity did not change in normal or degenerative tissues. This finding suggests that excessive calcium excitatory stimulation does not induce rapid neuronal degeneration and death. As found in previous studies, TUNEL tests and electron microscopy suggest that Purkinje cell degeneration and death are not occurring via an apoptotic process. These findings suggest that S bonariense poisoning induces progressive Purkinje cell death that is not mediated by excitotoxicity or apoptotic activation.

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“…The affected animals had similar clinical signs and histopathological features, such as vacuolar degeneration and resultant loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum [3, 4, 17, 19, 21, 32, 36, 37]. The main pathologic features were vacuolation, degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells with axonal spheroids in the cerebellar granular layer and white matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Ataxia Suspected to Be Caused by <i>Oxytropis glabra</i> Poisoning in Western Mongolian Goats

Takeda

Tanaka

Shimada

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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In the last five years in western Mongolia, a neurological disorder and resultant economic loss have developed in goats, sheep, cattle and horses: association of the disease with ingestion of Oxytropis glabra, a toxic plant, was suggested. Affected goats showed neurological signs, including ataxia, incoordination, hind limb paresis, fine head tremor and nystagmus. Three goats, one with moderate clinical signs and the other two with severe clinical signs, were necropsied and examined to describe and characterize the histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural lesions. Although no gross pathological changes were observed in a variety of organs including the central nervous system of these goats, microscopic examination of the cerebellum demonstrated degenerative changes in all these goats, such as vacuolar changes and loss of Purkinje cells, torpedo formation in the granular layer, increased number of spheroids in the cerebellar medulla, and loss of axons and myelin sheaths of Purkinje cells. The chemical analysis of the dried plant detected 0.02–0.05% (dry weight basis) of swainsonine. This is the first report describing the clinical and pathological findings in Mongolian goats suspected to be affected by O. glabra poisoning.

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Cerebellar cortical degeneration in cattle caused by Solanum kwebense

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

Calbindin D28k Expression and the Absence of Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Solanum bonariense L–Intoxicated Bovines

Cerebellar Ataxia Suspected to Be Caused by <i>Oxytropis glabra</i> Poisoning in Western Mongolian Goats

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