Cereal Landraces for Sustainable Agriculture

Newton, A. C.; Akar, Taner; Baresel, Jörg Peter; Bebeli, Penelope J.; Bettencourt, E.; Bladenopoulos, Konstantinos; Czembor, Jerzy H.; Fasoula, Dionysia A.; Katsiotis, Andreas; Koutis, Kostas; Koutsika-Sotiriou, M.; Kovács, G.; Larsson, Hans; Carvalho, M. A. A. Pinheiro de; Rubiales, Diego; Russell, Joanne; Santos, Teresa M. M. dos; Patto, María Carlota Vaz

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_10

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…This reflects that maize breeding was fairly successful during the past six decades in improving resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, testcrosses of some landraces reached the level of the checks for these traits and it cannot be ruled out that the resistance mechanisms prevalent in these landraces differ from those typically exploited in modern cultivars (Newton et al, 2010). Strigens et al (2013) reported similar findings for DH lines extracted from landraces and suggested that mining landraces by association mapping might be a rewarding avenue for further improvement of these traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Breeding Potential of European Flint Maize Landraces Evaluated by their Testcross Performance

et al. 2014

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A plethora of maize (Zea mays L.) landraces is stored in gene banks worldwide. However, information about their value in breeding is scarce and strategies for identifying the most promising landraces in prebreeding are largely lacking. This study was conducted to (i) evaluate the testcross performance of 70 European flint landraces in combination with two elite dent testers and compare these results with the performance of modern hybrids for important agronomic traits, (ii) estimate the genetic variances among landraces and trait correlations for these two testcross series as well as the correlation between them, and (iii) devise a testing scheme for assessing the breeding potential of a large number of landraces for hybrid breeding. Grain yield of the landrace testcrosses was on average about 26% lower than modern hybrids. Genotypic variances among landrace testcrosses were significant for all traits, and genetic correlations were moderate to high for most trait combinations in both testcross series. Thus, it seems promising to tap this huge genetic reserve for enlarging the genetic base of the elite flint germplasm pool in Central Europe. Since the genetic correlation between the two testcross series exceeded 0.74 for all traits, we recommend assessing the breeding potential of landraces for broadening existing heterotic groups by evaluating their testcross performance in combination with one or two elite single‐cross tester(s) from the opposite heterotic pool. Subsequently, doubled haploid lines from a few of the most promising landraces could be produced to exploit the large genetic variation within landraces to the full extent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Breeding Potential of European Flint Maize Landraces Evaluated by their Testcross Performance

et al. 2014

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“…Historically, selection has occurred at relatively narrow spatial scales and environments, resulting in a regionally heterogeneous mixture of locally-adapted landraces (traditional heirloom cultivars) [10]. Previous research on landrace fitness–defined in terms of seed yield, size, or other similarly anthropocentric attributes–has shown that landraces tend to have stable fitness in their “home” environment, but perform poorly in other environments [11]. For example, maize landraces in Mexico have clear local adaptation along altitudinal gradients, and the most fit maize population across altitudes was a mixture of landraces [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The home field advantage of modern plant breeding

Ewing

Runck

Kono³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Since the mid-20 th century, crop breeding has driven unprecedented yield gains. Breeders generally select for broadly-and reliably-performing varieties that display little genotype-byenvironment interaction (GxE). In contrast, ecological theory predicts that across environments that vary spatially or temporally, the most productive population will be a mixture of narrowly adapted specialists. We quantified patterns of broad and narrow adaptation in modern, commercial maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids planted across 216 site-years, from 1999-2018, for the University of Illinois yield trials. We found that location was the dominant source of yield variation (44.5%), and yearly weather was the smallest (1.7%), which suggested a benefit for reliable performance in narrow biophysical environments. Varieties displayed a large "home field advantage" when growing in the location of best performance relative to other varieties. Home field advantage accounted for 19% of GxE and provided a yield increase of 1.01 ± 0.04 Mg � ha-1 (7.6% relative to mean yield), yet was both smaller than predicted by a null model and unchanged across time. This counterfactual suggests that commercial breeding programs have missed an opportunity to further increase yields by leveraging local adaptation. Public breeding programs may pursue this opportunity by releasing specialist varieties that perform reliably in narrow environments. As seed sources are increasingly privatized and consolidated, this alternate strategy may compliment private breeding to support global food security.

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“…Therefore, they are adapted to local climatic conditions, cultural practices, disease and pests (Harlan 1975). During the twentieth century, landraces have often been replaced by modern cultivars contributing to the genetic stability of several crops including wheat, barley and maize (revised by Newton et al 2010). Although these modern cultivars may be higher yielding under high input systems, landraces have considerable potential under low input systems which are usually the characteristics of the Mediterranean rim.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher rust resistance and similar yield of oat landraces versus cultivars under high temperature and drought

Sánchez‐Martín

Rispail

Flores

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Oat crop is not particularly well adapted to hot and dry weather, as shown by a 3-fold yield reduction in Mediterranean compared to Northern regions. As a consequence, there is a need to identify more resilient oats adapted to current Mediterranean and future climate conditions. Here, we studied the performance of oat landraces under Mediterranean conditions, including the resistance to their most devastating disease, the crown rust. One hundred fortyone genetically characterized Spanish landraces were evaluated over two crop seasons at four contrasting locations in Spain and Egypt. Genotype-environment interactions were studied using heritability-adjusted genotype plus genotypeenvironment biplot analyses. The impact of climate variables on agronomic traits and the adaptation of particular landraces to environmental factors were inferred from non-metric multivariate scaling and canonical correspondence analyses. Results show an average oat landrace grain yield of 1500 kg/ha, which is similar to the mean yield of commercial varieties. Nonetheless, commercial varieties had 20% higher harvest index than landraces, which is explained by the higher biomass of landraces. Moreover, oat landraces showed high levels of rust resistance with mean values of the area under the disease curve of 2.58, which is approximately 25% lower than that of commercial varieties. Furthermore, several landraces carried a broad spectrum type of resistance which is expected to be more durable and efficient against different rust isolates.

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Cereal Landraces for Sustainable Agriculture

Cited by 38 publications

References 214 publications

Breeding Potential of European Flint Maize Landraces Evaluated by their Testcross Performance

Breeding Potential of European Flint Maize Landraces Evaluated by their Testcross Performance

The home field advantage of modern plant breeding

Higher rust resistance and similar yield of oat landraces versus cultivars under high temperature and drought

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