Gluten triggers Celiac Disease (CD) and type I diabetes in genetically predisposed population
of human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8+ and associates with disorders such as schizophrenia
and autism. Application of a strict gluten-free diet is the only well-established treatment for patients
with CD, whereas the treatment for patients with celiac type I diabetes may be depend on the timing
and frequency of the diet. The application of a gluten-free diet in patients with CD may contribute to
the development of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and may also lead to a
high glycemic index, low fiber diet and micronutrient deficiencies. The alteration of copper
bioavailability (deficient, excess or aberrant coordination) may contribute to the onset and progress
of related pathologies. Therefore, nutrient intake of patients on a gluten-free diet should be the focus
of future researches. Other gluten-based therapies have been rising with interest such as enzymatic
pretreatment of gluten, oral enzyme supplements to digest dietary gluten, gluten removal by breeding
wheat varieties with reduced or deleted gluten toxicity, the development of polymeric binders to
suppress gluten induced pathology.