Cereal and nonfat milk support muscle recovery following exercise

Kammer, Lynne; Ding, Zhenping; Wang, Bei; Hara, Daiske; Liao, Yi Hung; Ivy, John L.

doi:10.1186/1550-2783-6-11

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…2 Significantly different from EAA at 210 min, P , 0.05. on molecular mediators of MPS (13,21,22). The discrepant observations regarding the influence of endurance-type exercise and feeding on mTORC1 intracellular signaling may be attributed to between-study differences in exercise intensity and duration, in the training state of the study volunteers, and in the timing of the muscle biopsy collections during recovery (48,(50)(51)(52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It is generally accepted that endurance exercise (fasted or fed) stimulates MPS, particularly mitochondrial protein synthesis, during recovery (11,14,15,17,20). However, not all studies support this theory, because some indicate little or no effect of endurance exercise on MPS and anabolic intracellular signaling (13,18,21,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We recognize that the additional leucine tracer added to the dietary treatments may have been confounding and led to an overestimation of the contribution of leucine intake to whole-body protein breakdown. Certainly, the timing and repeat doses (2.5 g EAA every 20 min for 1 h) of EAA would have had a minimal effect or no effect on steady state kinetics, because others have provided significantly more protein (0.4 g Á kg 21 Á h 21 over 3 h) without added leucine tracer and documented the maintenance of isotopic steady state (20). However, any effect of the added tracers would have been minimal, constant, and similar between dietary treatments given that the EAA mixtures were enriched equally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effects of endurance (ie, steady state) exercise may differ, given that the muscle contractile forces generated are lower and that endurance training does not typically result in muscle hypertrophy (12). Several studies have assessed MPS and mTORC1 intracellular signaling in response to endurance exercise alone (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) or coupled with feeding (15,(19)(20)(21). It is generally accepted that endurance exercise (fasted or fed) stimulates MPS, particularly mitochondrial protein synthesis, during recovery (11,14,15,17,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation during moderate steady state exercise enhances postexercise muscle protein synthesis

Pasiakos

McClung²,

McClung³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: The effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation during moderate steady state (ie, endurance) exercise on postexercise skeletal muscle metabolism are not well described, and the potential role of supplemental leucine on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and associated molecular responses remains to be elucidated.Objective: This randomized crossover study examined whether EAA supplementation with 2 different concentrations of leucine affected post-steady state exercise MPS, whole-body protein turnover, and mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) intracellular signaling. Design: Eight adults completed 2 separate bouts of cycle ergometry [60 min, 60% VO 2 peak (peak oxygen uptake)]. Isonitrogenous (10 g EAA) drinks with different leucine contents [leucine-enriched (L)-EAA, 3.5 g leucine; EAA, 1.87 g leucine] were consumed during exercise. MPS and whole-body protein turnover were determined by using primed continuous infusions of [ 2 H 5 ]phenylalanine and [1-13 C]leucine. Multiplex and immunoblot analyses were used to quantify mTORC1 signaling. Results: MPS was 33% greater (P , 0.05) after consumption of L-EAA (0.08 6 0.01%/h) than after consumption of EAA (0.06 6 0.01%/h). Whole-body protein breakdown and synthesis were lower (P , 0.05) and oxidation was greater (P , 0.05) after consumption of L-EAA than after consumption of EAA. Regardless of dietary treatment, multiplex analysis indicated that Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation were increased (P , 0.05) 30 min after exercise. Immunoblot analysis indicated that phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase increased (P , 0.05) and phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 decreased (P , 0.05) after exercise but was not affected by dietary treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that increasing the concentration of leucine in an EAA supplement consumed during steady state exercise elicits a greater MPS response during recovery. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01366924.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:809-18.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation during moderate steady state exercise enhances postexercise muscle protein synthesis

Pasiakos

McClung²,

McClung³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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show abstract

“…In the current study, total amino acid and nonessential amino acid concentrations were reduced and insulin levels appeared to be lower as a consequence of reduced glucose concentrations after exercise. Studies have shown that nutrient provision (i.e., protein or protein + carbohydrate) during recovery from endurance exercise enhances substrate availability, amino acids in particular, resulting in marked increases in MPS and associated protein synthetic intracellular signaling (Howarth, Moreau, Phillips, & Gibala, 2009;Kammer et al, 2009). In light of these recent findings, the failure to elicit major changes in MPS-associated molecular events, considering the observed substrate and endocrine environment, is not surprising given that measurements were made in the fasted state (Wojtaszewski et al, 2001), an effect that would likely be reversed by nutrient provision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Responses to Moderate Endurance Exercise in Skeletal Muscle

Pasiakos

McClung²,

McClung³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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This study examined alterations in skeletal-muscle growth and atrophy-related molecular events after a single bout of moderate-intensity endurance exercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 10 men (23 ± 1 yr, body mass 80 ± 2 kg, and VO(2peak) 45 ± 1 ml x kg⁻¹ x min⁻¹) immediately (0 hr) and 3 hr after a 60-min bout of cycle exercise (60% +/- 5% VO(2peak)). Corresponding muscle biopsies were also obtained under resting conditions. The phosphorylation status of insulin/IGF-PI3K molecular-signaling proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome-related gene expression, FOXO transcription factors, and myogenic regulatory factors in muscle samples was analyzed using multiplex analysis, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A condition-time interaction was observed for Akt phosphorylation (p < .05) with multiplexing. Regardless of endurance exercise, Akt phosphorylation decreased and ERK phosphorylation increased at 3 hr compared with 0 hr (p < .05). Levels of p70(S6K) phosphorylation were 110% greater (p < .05) at 3 hr than at 0 hr using Western blots. MuRF mRNA expression postexercise increased; levels were 4.7- and 5.7-fold greater (p < .05) at 0 hr and 3 hr, respectively, than at rest with qRT-PCR. Atrogin mRNA expression was up-regulated 3.2-fold 3 hr postexercise compared with rest. These findings demonstrate modest changes in the molecular responses to moderate endurance exercise in the absence of nutrition. This study provides the groundwork for future investigations designed to optimize the metabolic conditions necessary to positively influence the cellular mechanisms specific to skeletal-muscle protein turnover during recovery from endurance exercise.

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Weight Management Strategies for Recreational Athletes: What Do We Tell Them?

Lofgren

Delmonico

2010

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

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The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans provide clear recommendations for health care professionals to share with their patients and clients. The guidelines clearly lay out what the general public needs to do to improve their fitness level and manage their weight. The physical activity guidelines need to be reviewed in conjunction with appropriate dietary advice found in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Patients and clients who increase their physical activity to light or moderately active, the recreational athlete, can meet their nutrition needs by consuming a well-balanced, varied diet of nutrient-dense foods. Sports drinks and bars, which are heavily marketed to all levels of athletes and sedentary people, are not necessary for the recreational athlete in most situations and may negatively affect body weight.

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Cereal and nonfat milk support muscle recovery following exercise

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation during moderate steady state exercise enhances postexercise muscle protein synthesis

Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation during moderate steady state exercise enhances postexercise muscle protein synthesis

Molecular Responses to Moderate Endurance Exercise in Skeletal Muscle

Weight Management Strategies for Recreational Athletes: What Do We Tell Them?

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