Cerclage sphincter pharyngoplasty: A new technique for velopharyngeal insufficiency

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Pharyngeal Obturator Prostheses with Different Retention Mechanisms

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] VP insufficiency is distinguished by speech and nasal resonance abnormalities related to defects of the soft palate, which may be congenital as in cleft lip and palate (CLP) or acquired as in palatal tumor resection. [5][6][7] VP incompetence describes dysfunction of an anatomically intact VP mechanism as in patients with neuromuscular disorders. 3,4,8 The diagnosis of VP insufficiency can be made with perceptual speech evaluation, multiview videofluoroscopy (MVF), and nasendoscopy (NE).…”

“…10,11 Secondary effects are disorders in speech articulation (distortions, substitutions and omissions). 6,10 VP insufficiency causes communication problems because of distortion in speech, resonance and articulation apart from swallowing disturbance. [10][11][12] In this regard, patients usually have psychological problems together with physical difficulties.…”

“…Surgery in combination with speech therapy is a common approach to the treatment of VP dysfunction. 6,11 There are several surgical procedures that can be performed to correct the physical malfunction. Some of these are palatal pushback with a pharyngeal flap lining, sphincter pharyngoplasty, a superiorly based obturating pharyngeal flap, and Furlow palatoplasty.…”

Recent Advances in Surgical Pharyngeal Modification Procedures for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Patients With Cleft Palate

“…Sader et al 28 reported a technique they call "levatorplasty," in which the longus capitis muscle is turned into a new muscular loop to augment the posterior pharyngeal wall and to stretch the velum posteriorly. Ragab 29 described a cerclage sphincter pharyngoplasty using polypropylene sutures with reported significant improvement in VPI and hypernasality of speech. In addition to these new techniques, a number of combinations of varied techniques are used by various surgeons.…”

Prosthetic Intervention for the Management of Low Attached Palatopharyngeal Flaps - A Clinical Report

“…Palatopharyngeal dysfunction may take place due to insufficiency or incompetence (1). Palatopharyngeal insufficiency is a dysfunction of the palatopharyngeal valve due to lack of tissue (2), whereas palatopharyngeal incompetence is a dysfunction due to lack of proper movement. Furthermore, the term palatopharyngeal incompetence is used to describe dysfunction due to neuromuscular disorders (3)(4).…”