Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127, an endophytic fungus isolated from Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp with strong anti-candidal activity

Abstract

Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127, an endophytic fungus isolated from the rhizome of the local medicinal plant Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp, was found to possess significant anti-candidal activity. This fungal endophyte was cultivated in submerged fermentation system using yeast sucrose medium supplemented with host plant water extract and cultivated at 25°C, agitated at 120 rpm for 12 days. The ethyl acetate was used as a solvent to extract compounds in the fermentative broth. The fungal ethyl acetate extract demonstrated significant inhibitory zones toward cells of Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2.5 mg/ml, of which exerting yeastocidal effect. The time-kill study conducted at three distinct ethyl acetate concentrations (half MIC, MIC, and 2 MIC values) revealed that the growth of C. albicans cells was concentration-dependent. Yeastostatic activity was shown at lower concentration and yeastocidal activity was shown at higher concentration. The structural degeneration of the C. albicans cells after treated with ethyl acetate extract was observed under the scanning and transmission electron microscopes and the results exhibited various cell deformities including severe damage of the cell extracellularly and intracellularly which led to cell death beyond repair, thus suggesting that the extract could be a potential antifungal agent.

Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94, A Promising Endophytic Fungus of Ocimum sanctum with Antimicrobial Activity

“…A previous study reported that bactericidal/fungicidal drugs are clinically more powerful antibiotic agents compared to bacteriostatic/ fungistatic drugs since this type of drug can kill bacteria and rather effective in severely immunocompromised patients. 3 The present findings also revealed that the endophytic fungus, Muscodor sp. secrete more bioactive compounds extracellularly into the fermentative broth compared to intracellular.…”

“…Disc diffusion assay for test bacteria was performed according to the procedures described by Taufiq & Darah 1 . Meanwhile, for test fungi, the methods described by Mu'azzam & Darah 3 was employed. Chloramphenicol (30 µg/ml) and Ketoconazole (30 µg/ml) were used as positive controls for bacteria and yeast/fungi, respectively whereas 1.0 % of DMSO was set as a negative control.…”

“…Broth microdilution assay was performed to determine the MIC values of the fungal extract against test microorganisms in a sterile 96-well microtiter plate according to the method described by Taufiq & Darah 1 and Mu'azzam & Darah 3 The lowest concentration of extract that inhibits any visible of test microbial growth was recognized as MIC, whereas the Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021, 27(2), 268-280 | 270 MLC was recorded as the lowest concentration of extract that resulted in 99.9% growth reduction relative to the control.…”

“…can cause a life-treating disease called candidiasis. 3 According to Chapman, 4 candidiasis is one of the main candidal infections that can cause lethal to immunocompromised patients and HIV-treated patients. The drug-resistant bacteria, yeast, and fungi could lead to a serious problem that demands immediate alternative efficient strategies for the discovery of novel compounds with pharmaceutical properties to overcome this problem.…”

Genus Curcuma: chemical and ethnopharmacological role in aging process

“…This endophyte had potential anti-candidal activity. The fungal ethyl acetate extract showed significant inhibitory zones against C. albicans (MIC = 2.5 mg/ml [ 82 ]. C. longa showed the presence of forty-four endophytic.…”