Ceramides increase the activity of the secretory phospholipase A2 and alter its fatty acid specificity

Background: For premature neonates needing parenteral nutrition (PN), a balanced lipid supply is crucial. The authors hypothesized that a lipid emulsion containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and soybean, olive, and fish oils would be as safe and well tolerated as a soybean emulsion while beneficially influencing the fatty acid profile. Methods: Double-blind, controlled study in 53 neonates (<34 weeks’ gestation) randomized to receive at least 7 days of PN containing either an emulsion of MCTs and soybean, olive, and fish oils or a soybean oil emulsion. Target lipid dosage was 1.0 g fat/kg body weight [BW]/d on days 1–3, 2 g/kg BW/d on day 4, 3 g/kg BW/d on day 5, and 3.5 g/kg BW/d on days 6–14. Results: Test emulsion vs control, mean ± SD: baseline triglyceride concentrations were 0.52 ± 0.16 vs 0.54 ± 0.19 mmol/L and increased similarly in both groups to 0.69 ± 0.38 vs 0.67 ± 0.36 on day 8 of treatment (P = .781 for change). A significantly higher decrease in total and direct bilirubin vs baseline was seen in the test group compared with the control group P < .05 between groups). In plasma and red blood cell phospholipids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were higher, and the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio was lower in the test group (P < .05 vs control). Conclusions: The lipid emulsion, based on a mixture of MCTs and soybean, olive, and fish oils, was safe and well tolerated by preterm infants while beneficially modulating the fatty acid profile.

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“…Plasma and RBC fatty acids were assessed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry and displayed as relative amounts (% of total fatty acids). 19…”

Section: Methods Of Sample Preparation and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Rayyan

Devlieger

Jochum

et al. 2012

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

147

201

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“…Therefore, the pattern of fatty acids released by a recombinant type II sPLA 2 -induced hydrolysis of the inner or outer leaflets of erythrocyte membranes has been shown to reflect the asymmetric fatty acid composition of biological membranes (Koumanov et al, 1997). In a previous paper we showed clearly that the addition of ceramides to the substrate not only activated sPLA 2 II but also converted this enzyme from a non-specific to a highly specific enzyme for C 20:4containing phospholipids (Koumanov et al, 2002). In this respect, the profile of the fatty acids released in the presence of ceramide became similar to that of cPLA 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bimodal regulatory effect of melittin and phospholipase A₂‐activating protein on human type II secretory phospholipase A₂

Koumanov

Momchilova

Wolf

2003

Cell Biology International

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Melittin and phospholipase A2-activating protein (PLAP) are known as efficient activators of secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) types I, II, and III when phospholipid liposomes are used as substrate. The present study demonstrates that both peptides can either inhibit or activate sPLA2 depending on the peptide/phospholipid ratio when erythrocyte membranes serve as a biologically relevant substrate. Low concentrations of melittin and PLAP were observed to inhibit sPLA2-triggered release of fatty acids from erythrocyte membranes. The inhibition was reversed at melittin concentrations above 1 microM. PLAP-induced inhibition of sPLA2 persisted steadily throughout the used concentration range (0-150 nM). The two peptides induced a dose-dependent activation of sPLA2 at low concentrations, followed by inhibition when model membranes were used as substrate. This opposite modulatory effect on biological membranes and model membranes is discussed with respect to different mechanisms the interaction of the regulatory peptides with the enzyme molecules and the substrate vesicles.

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“…Induced by exogenous SMase, ceramide accumulation in tight junctions results in the increase in intestinal permeability [ 204 ]. Moreover, addition of increasing amounts of ceramide to the substrate was shown to progressively enhance PLA2 activity [ 205 ]. TNF-α has been demonstrated to enhance ceramide production followed by NF-ƙB activation leading to cell apoptosis [ 206 , 207 ], which may slow the healing rate of the mucous damage.…”

Section: Major Iecs’ Phospholipids Their Metabolism the Role In Ibd And Therapeutic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Boldyreva

Морозова

Saydakova³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.

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Ceramides increase the activity of the secretory phospholipase A2 and alter its fatty acid specificity

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Bimodal regulatory effect of melittin and phospholipase A₂‐activating protein on human type II secretory phospholipase A₂

Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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Ceramides increase the activity of the secretory phospholipase A2 and alter its fatty acid specificity

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Bimodal regulatory effect of melittin and phospholipase A2‐activating protein on human type II secretory phospholipase A2

Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Bimodal regulatory effect of melittin and phospholipase A₂‐activating protein on human type II secretory phospholipase A₂