Ceramics in the nuclear fuel cycle

Middleburgh, Simon C.; Lee, William; Rushton, Michael

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102726-4.00002-8

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…. ) [106][107][108], as well. However, when used for structural purposes, these materials are penalised by significant brittleness.…”

Section: Annex 3-pathways To Nuclear Materials Improvement For Next G...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reactor fuels are based on compounds of one or more fissile and/or fertile nuclides, mainly of U and Pu. They can be either refractory oxides, typically U oxides and MOX, which are also used in current generation reactors [106][107][108][109], or other ceramics, such as carbides [110], nitrides [111,112] and silicides [107,113,114], as well as metallic alloys [115]. Other fuel concepts consider ceramic/ceramic or ceramic/metal composites [116], as well as fluid molten salt fuels [117].…”

Section: Fuel Materials For Next Generation Nuclear Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid fuel may appear in various geometries: rods, plates or pellets. U oxides and MOX are the most industrially used fuel materials [107]. MOX is indeed currently the reference fuel for most fast neutron reactor demonstrators and prototypes in Europe, mainly because this class of fuels was used in the European fast reactor programme that led to the construction of Phénix and Superphénix [118].…”

Section: Fuel Materials For Next Generation Nuclear Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mainly liquid metal (or supercritical water) cooled reactors, certainly in prototypes, including GFR prototype Vast experience on their use [107], but modifications needed for GenIV (geometry, architecture, microstructure, . .…”

Section: Type Of Fuel Use In Genii/iii Use In Geniv Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Malerba

Mazouzi²,

Bertolus

et al. 2022

Energies

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Nuclear energy is presently the single major low-carbon electricity source in Europe and is overall expected to maintain (perhaps eventually even increase) its current installed power from now to 2045. Long-term operation (LTO) is a reality in essentially all nuclear European countries, even when planning to phase out. New builds are planned. Moreover, several European countries, including non-nuclear or phasing out ones, have interests in next generation nuclear systems. In this framework, materials and material science play a crucial role towards safer, more efficient, more economical and overall more sustainable nuclear energy. This paper proposes a research agenda that combines modern digital technologies with materials science practices to pursue a change of paradigm that promotes innovation, equally serving the different nuclear energy interests and positions throughout Europe. This paper chooses to overview structural and fuel materials used in current generation reactors, as well as their wider spectrum for next generation reactors, summarising the relevant issues. Next, it describes the materials science approaches that are common to any nuclear materials (including classes that are not addressed here, such as concrete, polymers and functional materials), identifying for each of them a research agenda goal. It is concluded that among these goals are the development of structured materials qualification test-beds and materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) for materials that operate under harsh conditions. Another goal is the development of multi-parameter-based approaches for materials health monitoring based on different non-destructive examination and testing (NDE&T) techniques. Hybrid models that suitably combine physics-based and data-driven approaches for materials behaviour prediction can valuably support these developments, together with the creation and population of a centralised, “smart” database for nuclear materials.

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“…. ) [106][107][108], as well. However, when used for structural purposes, these materials are penalised by significant brittleness.…”

Section: Annex 3-pathways To Nuclear Materials Improvement For Next G...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Fuel Materials For Next Generation Nuclear Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Materials For Next Generation Nuclear Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type Of Fuel Use In Genii/iii Use In Geniv Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Malerba

Mazouzi²,

Bertolus

et al. 2022

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The interest in these classes of materials is primarily related to their wide potential application in the field of nuclear power and reactor building, where these ceramics can be used as structural materials, as a basis for dosimetric or thermal insulation devices, etc. [4][5][6]. From a fundamental point of view, interest in these materials is due to the possibility of obtaining new knowledge in the field of studying the mechanisms of defect formation, tread formation and radiation resistance of materials [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Changes in Optical and Heat-Conducting Properties of AlN Ceramics under Irradiation with Kr15+ and Xe22+ Heavy Ions

2020

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AlN-based ceramics have great prospects for use in the field of structural materials for reactors of the new generation of GenIV, as well as dosimetric and optical devices. Interest in them is due to their unique physical and chemical properties, high resistance to degradation and excellent insulating properties. This work is devoted to the study of changes in the optical and heat-conducting properties of AlN ceramics as a result of irradiation with Kr15+ and Xe22+ heavy ions with energies close to those of fission fragments of uranium nuclei, and fluences 1014–1015 ion/cm2. During the study, dose relationships of changes in the optical properties of ceramics were established, as well as the effect of the type of ions on the degree of radiation damage and deterioration of optical characteristics. It has been found that an increase in the irradiation dose for Kr15+ ions leads to a slight increase in the depth of electron traps, while for samples irradiated with Xe22+ ions there is a sharp increase in the depth of occurrence from 5 to 20%, depending on the irradiation dose. For samples irradiated with Xe22+ ions, the greatest decrease in thermal conductivity was 19%, while for ceramics irradiated with Kr15+ ions, the maximum decrease was not more than 10%. The results show a significant resistance of ceramics to radiation damage by Kr15+ ions and negative effects, leading to a decrease in the resistance of optical and conductive properties of ceramics when irradiated with Xe22+ ions with doses higher than 5 × 1014 ion/cm2. Using the X-ray diffraction method, the dependences of structural distortions and changes in dislocation density in the structure of ceramics on the radiation dose were established. It has been determined that the main structural changes are associated with the fragmentation of grains, which result in an increase in the dislocation density, as well as deformation and distortion of the crystal lattice as a result of the formation of complex defects in the structure.

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Irradiation performance of high entropy ceramics: A comprehensive comparison with conventional ceramics and high entropy alloys

Huang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Progress in Materials Science

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Ceramics in the nuclear fuel cycle

Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Study of Changes in Optical and Heat-Conducting Properties of AlN Ceramics under Irradiation with Kr15+ and Xe22+ Heavy Ions

Irradiation performance of high entropy ceramics: A comprehensive comparison with conventional ceramics and high entropy alloys

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