Ceramics and ceramic coatings in orthopaedics

McEntire, Bryan J.; Bal, B. Sonny; Rahaman, M. N.; Chevalier, Jérôme; Pezzotti, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.07.034

Cited by 170 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 580 publications

(756 reference statements)

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“…The elevated electron temperatures indicate low plasma densities caused by the temporary change of the target surface chemistry, which in turn causes lowered sputter yields and secondary electron emission yields. As the target power increases the increasing Tes suggest that the N2 molecule may also be activated according to (5) or (6), where dissociation or excitation (electron quenching) prevails 15,[39][40][41][43][44] . Additionally, recombination reactions 45 like…”

Section: Process Characteristics and Plasma Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SiN_x Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content

Schmidt

Hänninen

Goyenola

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (rHiPIMS) was used to deposit silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings for bio-medical applications. The SiNx growth and plasma characterization were conducted in an industrial coater, using Si targets and N2 as reactive gas. The effects of different N2-toAr flow ratios between 0 and 0.3, pulse frequencies, target power settings and substrate temperatures on the discharge and the N content of SiNx coatings were investigated. Plasma ion mass spectrometry shows high amounts of ionized isotopes during the initial part of the pulse for discharges with low N2-to-Ar flow ratios of < 0.16, while signals from ionized molecules rise with the N2-to-Ar flow ratio at the pulse end and during pulse-off times. Langmuir probe measurements show electron temperatures between 2 -3 eV for non-reactive discharges and 5.0 to 6.6 eV for discharges in transition mode. The SiNx coatings were characterized with respect to their composition, chemical bond structure, density and mechanical properties by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation, respectively. The SiNx deposition processes and coating properties are mainly influenced by the N2-to-Ar flow ratio and thus by the N content in the SiNx films and to a lower extent by the HiPIMS frequencies and power settings as well as substrate temperatures. Increasing N2-to-Ar flow ratios lead to decreasing growth rates, while the N contents, coating densities, residual stresses and the hardnesses increase. These experimental findings were corroborated by density functional theory calculations of precursor species present during rHiPIMS.

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Section: Process Characteristics and Plasma Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SiNx is a prospective coating material for metal joint replacements [1][2][3][4][5] ; it is a biocompatible compound 6 with a comparatively high hardness as well as wear resistance. Potential SiNx wear debris dissolves slowly in aqueous solution [7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SiN_x Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content

Schmidt

Hänninen

Goyenola

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…1 Silicon nitride was introduced as implant material due to its biocompatibility and solubility in aqueous solutions, where its bio-functional properties depend on the composition, synthesis method, and porosity. [2][3][4][5] Silicon nitride coatings (SiN x ) are currently investigated to be deposited on metal joint replacements. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Such coatings may prevent the metal ion release from the CoCrMo bulk material and simultaneously improve the wear resistance of the implant surface while preserving the tough bulk material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Silicon nitride coatings (SiN x ) are currently investigated to be deposited on metal joint replacements. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Such coatings may prevent the metal ion release from the CoCrMo bulk material and simultaneously improve the wear resistance of the implant surface while preserving the tough bulk material. Additionally, potential SiN x wear debris can dissolve in the aqueous solution 4 with tuneable dissolution rates 11 and may therefore reduce any undesirable biological response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SiNx coatings deposited by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering: Process parameters influencing the residual coating stress

Schmidt

Hänninen

Wissting

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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The residual coating stress and its control is of key importance for the performance and reliability of silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings for biomedical applications. This study explores the most important deposition process parameters to tailor the residual coating stress and hence improve the adhesion of SiNx coatings deposited by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (rHiPIMS). Reactive sputter deposition and plasma characterization were conducted in an industrial deposition chamber equipped with pure Si targets in N2/Ar ambient. Reactive HiPIMS processes using N2-to-Ar flow ratios of 0 and 0.28–0.3 were studied with time averaged positive ion mass spectrometry. The coatings were deposited to thicknesses of 2 μm on Si(001) and to 5 μm on polished CoCrMo disks. The residual stress of the X-ray amorphous coatings was determined from the curvature of the Si substrates as obtained by X-ray diffraction. The coatings were further characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation in order to study their elemental composition, morphology, and hardness, respectively. The adhesion of the 5 μm thick coatings deposited on CoCrMo disks was assessed using the Rockwell C test. The deposition of SiNx coatings by rHiPIMS using N2-to-Ar flow ratios of 0.28 yield dense and hard SiNx coatings with Si/N ratios <1. The compressive residual stress of up to 2.1 GPa can be reduced to 0.2 GPa using a comparatively high deposition pressure of 600 mPa, substrate temperatures below 200 °C, low pulse energies of <2.5 Ws, and moderate negative bias voltages of up to 100 V. These process parameters resulted in excellent coating adhesion (ISO 0, HF1) and a low surface roughness of 14 nm for coatings deposited on CoCrMo.

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“…Austenitic stainless steel has been adopted due to its high structural properties and pitting corrosion resistance [3]. Beside metallic materials, bio-ceramics and ceramic coatings have been extensively adopted in the last years [4]: hydroxyapatite is one of the most diffused due to its properties which are very similar to bone's ones, thus promoting the body integration of the implant [5]. Actually, a promising alternative to the above mentioned materials is represented by the adoption of polymers for prosthetic implants: methyl-methacrylate, being costeffective and reducing the occurrence of intoxication, is widely adopted in cranioplasty [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Titanium alloy prostheses manufacturing by means of Superplastic and Incremental Forming processes

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The present work collects some results of the three-years Research Program "BioForming", funded by the Italian Ministry of Education (MIUR) and aimed to investigate the possibility of using flexible sheet forming processes, i.e. Super Plastic Forming (SPF) and Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF), for the manufacturing of patient-oriented titanium prostheses. The prosthetic implants used as case studies were from the skull; in particular, two different Ti alloys and geometries were considered: one to be produced in Ti-Gr23 by SPF and one to be produced in Ti-Gr2 by SPIF. Numerical simulations implementing material behaviours evaluated by characterization tests were conducted in order to design both the manufacturing processes. Subsequently, experimental tests were carried out implementing numerical results in terms of: (i) gas pressure profile able to determine a constant (and optimal) strain rate during the SPF process; (ii) tool path able to avoid rupture during the SPIF process. Post forming characteristics of the prostheses in terms of thickness distributions were measured and compared to data from simulations for validation purposes. A good correlation between numerical and experimental thickness distributions has been obtained; in addition, the possibility of successfully adopting both the SPF and the SPIF processes for the manufacturing of prostheses has been demonstrated.

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Ceramics and ceramic coatings in orthopaedics

Cited by 170 publications

References 580 publications

SiN_x Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content

SiN_x Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content

SiNx coatings deposited by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering: Process parameters influencing the residual coating stress

Biomedical Titanium alloy prostheses manufacturing by means of Superplastic and Incremental Forming processes

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Ceramics and ceramic coatings in orthopaedics

Cited by 170 publications

References 580 publications

SiNx Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content

SiNx Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content

SiNx coatings deposited by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering: Process parameters influencing the residual coating stress

Biomedical Titanium alloy prostheses manufacturing by means of Superplastic and Incremental Forming processes

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Product

Resources

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SiN_x Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content

SiN_x Coatings Deposited by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Process Parameters Influencing the Nitrogen Content