Ceramic Stereolithography: Additive Manufacturing for 3D Complex Ceramic Structures

Abstract

The viscosity of a ceramic slurry depends on the slurry concentration, particle shape and size, hydrodynamic interactions, temperature, shear rate, pre-treatment condition and the method of measurement with the selected equipment. Representative ceramic slurries with low to high viscosity levels are selected from colloidal silica, barium titanate slurry and glass frit paste. Rotational rheometers and vibrational viscometers are used to compare the measured viscosity for various ceramic slurries. The rotational rheometer measured the viscosity according to the change of the shear rate or the rotational speed. On the other hand, the vibrational viscometer measured one point of the viscosity in a fixed vibrational mode. The rotational rheometer allows the measurement of the viscosity of a ceramic paste with a viscosity higher than 100,000 cP, while the vibrational viscometer provides an easy and quick method to measure the viscosity without deformation of the ceramic slurry due to the measurement method. It is necessary to select suitable equipment with which to measure the viscosity depending on the purpose of the measurement.

Additive manufacturing of architected catalytic ceramic substrates based on triply periodic minimal surfaces

“…Before 3D printing, the slurry viscosity was measured (BROOKFIELD RVDVII+, AMETEK Brookfield, Middleboro, USA). Viscosity measurements showed a value of 100 mPa·s for a shear rate above 10 s −1 which is considered to be practical for this printing method 42,43.…”

Development of Highly Energy Densified Ink for 3D Printable Batteries

“…when the amount of super P increase 0 wt % (L90 S00) to 45 wt % (L45 S45), it shows higher onset temperature, 113.9 °C and 136.1 °C, respectively. This is attributed to the reaction between phenolic oxygen with polycondensed aromatic rings on the Super P surface and free radical generated from decomposition of azobis as thermal initiator . During this scavenging reaction, phenolic oxygen on the surface of Super P is progressively turned to quinones leading to a decreased concentration of phenolic oxygen.…”

Use of powder silicon as a photocurable resin filler for laser stereolithography and prospects for transforming stereolithographic parts with silicon from polymeric to ceramic ones.

“…The list of ceramic materials suitable for such products is long, but in practice very few compounds are used. These are silicon, aluminum and zirconium oxides, as well as hydroxyapatite -when it comes to medical parts [1][2][3][4].…”

“…zirconium oxide has a density of about 6 g/cm 3 , aluminum oxide -3.6-4 g/cm 3 , hydroxyapatite -3.1-3.2 g/cm 3 . Silicon oxide has a slightly lower density of 2.65 g/cm 3 . The density of the most common PCRs for laser stereolithography is between 1.1 and 1.3 g/cm 3 .…”

“…Silicon oxide has a slightly lower density of 2.65 g/cm 3 . The density of the most common PCRs for laser stereolithography is between 1.1 and 1.3 g/cm 3 . The higher the density, the smaller should be the grain size of the ceramic filler in order to ensure the heterophase system stability and to prevent rapid stratification of the resulting photocurable resin.…”