“…In the literature, topography [43,45,64,65], surface energy [39], plasma treatment [12,24,33,40], surface termination with functional groups [41,42] and electronic charge were shown to influence cell attachment. Parikh et al [43] have investigated the influence of different surface morphologies, including smooth surfaces, islands, connected islands and pits on the attachment of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cells based on self-assembly of gadolinium-doped ceria on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates (GDC/YSZ). Increased attachment on pits and connected islands were observed and indicated that a higher feature area was a major determining factor.…”