Ceramic Membranes for Filtration Applications — Preparation and Characterization

Benfer, S.; Árki, Pál; Tomandl, G.

doi:10.1002/adem.200400577

Cited by 87 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Alumina membranes based on the application of a template polymer were produced over decades (Benfer et al 2001;Richter et al 1997;Benfer et al 2004) with varying pore sizes and permeation rates. However, there was a current limitation for the practical application of these alumina membranes due to the failure in the production of a complete crack-free layer by the sol-gel technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of alumina, titania, and alumina-titania hydrophobic membranes via sol?gel polymeric route

et al. 2013

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Nanometer TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 composite membranes were synthesized through the sol-gel polymeric reaction of TiCl 4 and AlCl 3 in the presence of acrylic-acrylamide copolymer as a template. The dried samples were characterized by DTA, TGA, FTIR, XRD, and TEM to determine the thermal behavior, chemical composition, crystal structure, shape, and size of the particles. Octyltrichlorosilane was chosen as a silane coupling agent to increase the hydrophobic nature of the prepared membranes. The morphological structure, hydrophobic nature, water permeability, and desalination efficiency of the prepared membranes were studied by SEM, contact angle, permeability, and NaCl rejection coefficient (R%) measurements. The crystal structure of titania and alumina particles in the composite was affected by the AlCl 3 and TiCl 4 feed ratio. As the titania concentration increased, the average particle size of the composite particles became larger and the uniformity of the membrane layer decreased. The alumina (75%)-titania (25%) composite (AT25) showed a uniform crack-free membrane layer with a pore diameter of 12.9 nm and a porosity of 21.46%, with great hydrophobic nature, and with contact angle reaching 116°. This membrane can withstand calcination temperature up to 700°C, as the alumina and titania were present in their active forms: gamma-alumina and anatase, respectively. The membrane produced from this composite showed a high surface area of 333 m 2 /g with a respective particle size of 4.6 nm. Moreover, it showed a high ability to reject NaCl from water with a rejection coefficient of 73% and a high permeation flux of 4.8 l/h m 2 at 75°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of alumina, titania, and alumina-titania hydrophobic membranes via sol?gel polymeric route

et al. 2013

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“…The supported membrane could have an even smaller effective pore size due to the capillary forces from the ceramic tube acting on the sol during drying [49]. The polymeric sol-gel route used in this study has demonstrated the ability to produce filtration layers with less than 2 nm pores which have a molecular cut-off < 1,000 Dalton [35]. The water sample use for this study was secondary effluent from one of Melbourne's WWTPs, which contains not only the organic compounds with a molecular weight range of 400-10,000 Daltons as mentioned previously, but also visible particulate contamination.…”

Section: Membrane Filtration Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The BET surface area measured in this study for the unsupported TiO 2 membrane is close to the range reported in literature. It is known that the particle size of the starting material has a great impact on the resulting pore size of filtration membranes [35]. Consequently, different preparation routes will result in significant differences in pore size of the filtration layers.…”

Section: N 2 Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, different preparation routes will result in significant differences in pore size of the filtration layers. In literature, unsupported membranes are commonly characterised by N 2 adsorption to estimate the pore size of the supported membranes [35][36][37]; a method also used in this study. Figure 2b shows the BJH pore size distribution curve of the unsupported TiO 2 membrane sample calculated from the adsorption curve.…”

Section: N 2 Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual function filtration and catalytic breakdown of organic pollutants in wastewater using ozonation with titania and alumina membranes

Zhu

Kennedy

et al. 2011

Journal of Membrane Science

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Water recycling via treatment from industrial and/or municipal waste sources is one of the key strategies for resolving water shortages worldwide. Polymer membranes are effective at improving the water quality essential for recycling, but depend on regular cleaning and replacement. Pure ceramic membranes can reduce the cleaning need and last significantly longer in the same applications whilst possessing the possibility of operating in more aggressive environments not suitable for polymers. In the current work, filtration using a tubular ceramic membrane (α-Al 2 O 3 or TiO 2 ) was combined with ozonation to remove organic compounds present in a secondary effluent to enhance key quality features of the water (colour and total organic carbon, TOC) for its potential reuse.'Bare' commercial α-Al 2 O 3 filters (pore size ~0.58 µm) were tested as a microfiltration membrane and compared with the more advanced catalytically active TiO 2 layer that was formed by the sol-gel method. The presence of anatase with a 4 nm pore size at the membrane surface was confirmed by Xray diffraction (XRD) and N 2 adsorption. Filtration of the effluent over a 2 hour period led to a reduction in flux to 45% and 60% of the initial values for the α-alumina and TiO 2 membrane, respectively. However, a brief dose (2 mins) of ozone at the start of the run resulted in reductions to only 70% of the initial flux for both membranes. It is likely that the oxide's functional property Interestingly, the porous structure therefore acted in a synergistic, dual function mode to physically separate the particulates whilst also catalytically breaking down organic matter. The system also greatly improved the efficiency of membrane filtration for the reduction of colour, A 254 (organics absorption at the wavelength of 254 nm) and TOC. The best performance came from combined ozonation (2 min ozonation time with an estimated applied ozone dose of 8 mg L -1 ) with the TiO 2 membrane, which was able to reduce colour by 88%, A 254 by 75% and TOC by 43%. It is clearly evident that a synergistic effect occurs with the process combination of ozonation and ceramic membrane filtration demonstrating the practical benefit of combining ceramic membrane filtration with conventional water ozonation.

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“…The pore size of the membrane is controlled by the metal oxide primary particle size, the packing status of the particles, as well as the temperature used to sinter the particles. Ke et al synthesized TiO 2 /ZrO 2 mixed-oxide membranes through a colloidal sol-gel process [44][45][46]. They reported that the mixed-oxide membranes showed a decrease of the average pore size and an increase of the specific surface area compared to the pure oxides.…”

Section: Nanoporous Ceramic Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoceramics for blood-borne virus removal

Zhao

Sugiyama

Miller

et al. 2008

Expert Review of Medical Devices

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20The development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the field of ceramics has brought new opportunities for the development of virus removal techniques. A number of nanoceramics, including nanostructured alumina, titania, zirconia etc. have been introduced for the applications in virus removal/separation. Filtration or adsorption of viruses and thus the removal of viruses through nanoceramics, such as nanoporous/mesoporous ceramic 25 membranes, ceramic nanofibres, and ceramic nanoparticles will make it possible to produce an efficient system for virus removal from blood and with excellent chemical/thermal stability. Currently nanoceramic membranes and filters based on sol-gel alumina membranes and NanoCeram® nanofibre filters have been commercialized and applied to remove viruses from the blood. Nevertheless, filtration using nanoprous filters is limited to the removal of 30 only free viruses in the bloodstream.

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Ceramic Membranes for Filtration Applications — Preparation and Characterization

Cited by 87 publications

References 11 publications

Synthesis of alumina, titania, and alumina-titania hydrophobic membranes via sol?gel polymeric route

Synthesis of alumina, titania, and alumina-titania hydrophobic membranes via sol?gel polymeric route

Dual function filtration and catalytic breakdown of organic pollutants in wastewater using ozonation with titania and alumina membranes

Nanoceramics for blood-borne virus removal

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