“…These mechanisms are electrostatic and repulsive forces, pH modification due to electrochemical reactions, formation of reactive species and bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen at the biofilm/electrode interface [ 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Titanium has been considered the gold standard material for dental implants due to its mechanical properties and biocompatibility [ 39 , 40 ]. However, some drawbacks have been described, such as the release of metallic ions, plaque accumulation and its dark grayish color, which although a characteristic of titanium and not a problem, can become visible through soft tissues, especially in the case of thin gingiva biotypes, affecting the implant aesthetics [ 41 ].…”