Ceramic Breeder Materials

Laan, J.G. van der; Fedorov, Alexander; Til, S. van

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-056033-5.00114-2

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…218 The leading ceramic candidates are currently lithium oxide (Li 2 O), lithium metatitanate (Li 2 TiO 3 ) and lithium orthosilicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ), however, other ceramics such as Li 2 ZrO 3 and LiAlO 2 have also been considered. 219 An integrated tritium breeding blanket acts as a shield, a heat exchanger and as the breeder (see Fig. 21).…”

Section: July 2013 Advanced Ceramics and Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

_{3}^{6} Li +_{0}^{1} n \to_{2}^{4} He +_{1}^{3} T

_{3}^{7} Li +_{0}^{1} n \to_{2}^{4} He +_{1}^{3} T +_{0}^{1} n

A number of blanket concepts employ a lithium‐containing ceramic breeder material, such as the European union's helium cooled pebble bed concept and the Japanese water cooled ceramic breeder blanket . The leading ceramic candidates are currently lithium oxide (Li 2 O), lithium metatitanate (Li 2 TiO 3 ) and lithium orthosilicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ), however, other ceramics such as Li 2 ZrO 3 and LiAlO 2 have also been considered . An integrated tritium breeding blanket acts as a shield, a heat exchanger and as the breeder (see Fig.…”

Section: Future Nuclear Applications Of Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities for Advanced Ceramics and Composites in the Nuclear Sector

et al. 2013

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Ceramics have played a crucial role in the development of fission based nuclear power, in glass & glass composite high level wasteforms, in composite cements to encapsulate intermediate level wastes (ILW) and also for oxide nuclear fuels based on UO2 and PuO2/UO2 mixed oxides. They are also used as porous filters with the ability to absorb radionuclides (RN) from air and liquids and are playing a key role in the cleanup at Fukushima. Non‐oxides also find current fission applications including in graphite moderators and B4C control rods. Ceramics will continue to be significant in the near‐term expansion of nuclear power via next‐step developments of fuels with inert matrices or based on thoria and in wasteforms using alternative composite cements or single or multiphase ceramics that can host Pu & other difficult RN. Longer term advances for Generation IV reactors, which will operate at higher temperatures & with higher fuel burn‐up require innovative fuel developments potentially via carbides & nitrides or composite fuel systems. Novel non‐thermal (cement‐like) and thermal techniques are currently being developed to treat some of the difficult legacy wastes. Non‐thermally derived wasteforms developed from geopolymers, composite cements, hydroceramics, and phosphate‐bonded ceramics and thermally derived wasteforms made by Hot Isostatic Pressing and fluidized bed steam reforming (FBSR) as well as vitrification techniques based on cold crucible melting (CCM), Joule‐heater in‐container melting and plasma melting (PM) are described. Future developments in waste treatment will be based on separation technologies for partitioning individual RN along with design & construction of RN‐containing ceramic targets for inducing transmutation reactions. Near demonstration actinide‐hosting ceramic wasteforms including multiphase Synroc systems are described. Opportunities also exist for ceramics in structural applications in Generation IV reactors such as composite SiC/SiC and C/C for fuel cladding and control rods and MAX phases and ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs) may find near core fuel coating and cladding applications. Uses of ceramics in fusion reactor systems will be both functional (ceramic superconductors in magnet systems for plasma control and in Li silicate breeder blankets in tokamaks) and structural including as sapphire diagnostic windows, graphite diverters, and plasma facing C and UHTCs. In all these cases, performance is limited by poorly understood radiation damage and interface controlled processes, which demands a combined modeling/experimental approach.

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Section: July 2013 Advanced Ceramics and Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

_{3}^{6} Li +_{0}^{1} n \to_{2}^{4} He +_{1}^{3} T

_{3}^{7} Li +_{0}^{1} n \to_{2}^{4} He +_{1}^{3} T +_{0}^{1} n

Section: Future Nuclear Applications Of Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Advanced Ceramics and Composites in the Nuclear Sector

et al. 2013

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“…Lithium-containing ceramics find various technological applications such as tritium breeding materials [1][2][3], ionic conductors in the fabrication of solid electrolytes, separators and cathode materials for Li-ion batteries [4][5][6][7]. Other technological applications are the fabrication of phosphors [8,9], catalysts [10,11] and sorbents for the selective CO2 capture [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosized Lithium Aluminate (γ-LiAlO2) Synthesized by EDTA-citrate Complexing Method, Using Different Thermal Conditions

et al. 2019

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Lithium aluminate (LiAlO2) polymorphs have been synthesized by solid-state reaction, but these ceramics usually show certain limitations attributed to the low control on the particle size, morphology and specific surface area. In this sense, different chemical synthesis pathways, citrate precursor among them, have been studied to obtain ultrafine powders exhibiting enhanced textural and morphological features. Synthesis by citrate precursor method would involve the use of alternative chelating agents for the formation of more stable metal-chelate species, such as ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Thus, the aim of this work was to study the g-LiAlO2 synthesis by EDTA-citrate complexing approach to establish the effect of the synthesis route on the structural and microstructural characteristics of the resultant powders. The synthesized ceramic powders were calcined (600-900°C) and characterized by simultaneous TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Crystallization transition process from the precursors to the g-LiAlO2 phase is reported. Results show that chemical synthesis by EDTA-citrate complexing method can produce pure and crystalline g-LiAlO2 nanoparticles at relative low temperatures (700 ºC). The possible formation mechanism is discussed. Resumen. El aluminato de litio (LiAlO2) en sus diferentes fases polimórficas se ha sintetizado por la técnica convencional de reacción en estado sólido; sin embargo, este método presenta ciertas limitaciones desde el punto de vista del control que se tiene en el tamaño de partícula, morfología y área específica. En este sentido, se han estudiado diferentes rutas de síntesis química para la obtención de polvos ultrafinos que presenten propiedades texturales y características morfológicas mejoradas. Entre éstas, se encuentra la síntesis por citratos precursores; un método que además del ácido cítrico, puede involucrar el uso de agentes complejantes o quelantes alternativos para promover la formación de especies más estables. Un ejemplo de lo anterior es el ácido etilendiaminotetraacético o EDTA por sus siglas en inglés. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la síntesis del g-LiAlO2 por el método del citrato precursor-EDTA y establecer el efecto de la ruta de síntesis sobre las características estructurales y microestructurales de los compuestos obtenidos. Los polvos cerámicos sintetizados fueron calcinados a diferentes temperaturas (600-900 ºC) y caracterizados por diferentes técnicas como ATG-ATD, DRX, MEB, MET y adsorción-desorción de N2 a baja presión. Se estudió el proceso de descomposición y cristalización de los precursores hasta la obtención del óxido metálico de aluminato de litio. Los resultados muestran que el método de síntesis propuesto es adecuado para la obtención, a baja temperatura (700 ºC), de nanopartículas de la fase cristalina y pura del g-LiAlO2. Se discute un posible mecanismo de formación del compuesto de estudio a partir de los geles precursores usados.

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“…Due to its low thermal expansion, low density and high strength, lithium-silicate ceramics are the object of a still growing number of research works, e.g. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Lithium-silicate ceramics have a promising application potential mainly in D-T fusion reactors as a breeder material for tritium production [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Lithium-silicate ceramics have a promising application potential mainly in D-T fusion reactors as a breeder material for tritium production [3,4]. Besides, it finds use for electronic equipment [1] and in lithium batteries [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction of Lithium-Silicate Ceramics Using Spark Plasma Sintering

Kubatík¹

2017

Ceramics - Silikaty

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Spark plasma sintering (SPS), Quantitative Rietveld refinement, X-ray diffraction (XRD) This paper deals with the compaction of ceramics based on lithium-silicate by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The initial powder was prepared by calcination in a resistance furnace at a temperature of 1300°C with the ratio of Li/Si = 1. Compacting by SPS was carried out at temperatures of 800-1000°C with a maximum pressure of 80 MPa. Samples with open porosity of less than 1 % were prepared at the temperature of 1000°C. According to the quantitative Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction data, the dominant phases in all samples were Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and Li 2 SiO 3 , together representing over 80 wt. % of the sintered material.

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Ceramic Breeder Materials

Cited by 26 publications

References 137 publications

Opportunities for Advanced Ceramics and Composites in the Nuclear Sector

Opportunities for Advanced Ceramics and Composites in the Nuclear Sector

Nanosized Lithium Aluminate (γ-LiAlO2) Synthesized by EDTA-citrate Complexing Method, Using Different Thermal Conditions

Compaction of Lithium-Silicate Ceramics Using Spark Plasma Sintering

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