Ceramic breeder material development

Roux, Nicole; Tanaka, Satoru; Johnson, Carl E.; Verrall, R.A.

doi:10.1016/s0920-3796(97)00140-3

Cited by 102 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This material shows acceptable mechanical strength when used in a fusion blanket. Much effort has been given to study the properties of Li 2 TiO 3 in order to establish it as a blanket material [1][2][3][4][5]. As we know, 6 Li is used as a fuel in the fusion reaction for the generation of tritium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical properties of bulk and nano Li2TiO3 ceramics: A comparative study

et al. 2014

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Nanocrystalline and bulk Li 2 TiO 3 having monoclinic structure were prepared by mechanical alloying as well as conventional ceramic route. Complex impedance analysis in the frequency range of 100 Hz-1 MHz over a wide range of temperature (50-500 ℃) indicates the presence of grain boundary effect along with the bulk contribution. The frequency-dependent conductivity plots exhibit power law dependence, suggesting three types of conduction in the material: low-frequency (100 Hz-1 kHz) conductivity showing long-range translational motion of electrons (frequency independent), mid-frequency (1-10 kHz) conductivity showing short-range hopping of charge carriers and high-frequency (10 kHz-1 MHz) conductivity showing conduction due to localized orientation of hopping mechanism. The electrical conductivity measurement of nanocrystalline and bulk Li 2 TiO 3 with temperature shows the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior. The activation energy (0.77 eV for nano sample and 0.88 eV for bulk sample) study shows the conduction mechanism in both samples. The low activation energies of the samples suggest the presence of singly ionized oxygen vacancies in the conduction process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical properties of bulk and nano Li2TiO3 ceramics: A comparative study

et al. 2014

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“…This tritium breeder is most commonly used as pebble or pellet. Significant work has been done on the fabrication of Li 2 TiO 3 pebbles [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Tritium release is one of the most important features for breeding materials [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Li+ ion mobility on the grain boundary conductivity of Li2TiO3 nanoceramics

et al. 2014

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Lithium titanate (Li 2 TiO 3 ) is one of the most promising candidates among the tritium breeding materials because of its good tritium release capacity. Li concentration has much significance on the diffusivity of tritium in the material. The nanocrystalline single-phase Li 2 TiO 3 with monoclinic structure has been prepared by high energy ball milling followed by calcination at 700 ℃ for 2 h. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies confirmed uniform distribution of nanocrystalline phase with particle size below 100 nm. The study of the Li + ion diffusion on the sintered sample was investigated by means of electrical conductivity measurements. Electrical properties of the samples were studied in wide temperature (50-500 ℃) and frequency (100 Hz-1 MHz) ranges. The complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) studies showed the presence of both bulk and grain boundary effects in nanocrystalline Li 2 TiO 3 . The bulk resistance of the samples has been observed to decrease with rise in temperature showing a typical negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior. The low activation energies of the samples suggested the presence of singly ionized oxygen vacancies in the conduction process. The hopping frequency shifted toward higher frequency with increase in temperature. Activation energy of 0.86 eV was calculated from AC conductivity.

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“…Li-based ceramics, such as Li 2 O, c-LiAlO 2 , Li 2 ZrO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 and Li 2 TiO 3 , have been recognized as promising tritium breeder materials in fusion reactor blankets [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5]. The lithium density, which has an important influence on the tritium breeding ratio (TBR) and lithium burn-up at the end-of-life, should be as high as possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 Pebbles for Tritium Breeder

Xiang

Zhang

et al. 2015

J Fusion Energ

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Lithium based ceramics have been regarded as the promising ceramic breeders of the test blanket modules. As lithium burn-up of ceramic pebbles in the fusion reactor will be limited to about 15 % due to Li transmutation. The phase and composition (Li ? transferring process) of Li 2 TiO 3 -Li 4 SiO 4 ceramic pebbles with a certain amount of Li loss (-xLi 2 TiO 3 and -xLi 4 SiO 4 , x = 0, 5, 10, 20 %, molar ratio) were simulated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometer for the first time. The results showed that the Li ? of Li 4 SiO 4 could move to Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 to form Li 2 SiO 3 and Li 2 TiO 3 as the octahedral (16c) sites of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 are empty. In order to tailor the properties for optimization, 20 % Li 2 TiO 3 -80 % Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles were fabricated by a graphite bed process. In combining these materials, the pebbles obtained reasonable pores, small grains, and relative high crush load.

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Ceramic breeder material development

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

Electrical properties of bulk and nano Li2TiO3 ceramics: A comparative study

Electrical properties of bulk and nano Li2TiO3 ceramics: A comparative study

Effect of Li+ ion mobility on the grain boundary conductivity of Li2TiO3 nanoceramics

Fabrication and Characterization of Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 Pebbles for Tritium Breeder

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